tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-40189724175821612492024-02-19T16:43:13.910+00:00Water, Environment and Natural ResourcesAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.comBlogger34125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-49528382000968056972015-05-07T21:13:00.000+01:002015-05-07T21:13:08.944+01:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">POSITION PAPER </span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="background: white;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">WATER AND WATER -</span>RELATED<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> SANITATION SECTOR</span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u>GHANA IN FOCUS<br /><span style="background: white; font-size: 12pt;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGm_gU2dp619T-0XhfONGAhbDQhZD4lH2wkis0b_hrCDIHBKwluWIYHb9epDyh23Xu_D4_S65Ccz80Dzd1g0X9KjfcvShgJk4kgXjlGmQlLVbSKmd1brBUDrcYs9-OybTLnaXZ-N1rFv6w/s1600/WASH+SECTOR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGm_gU2dp619T-0XhfONGAhbDQhZD4lH2wkis0b_hrCDIHBKwluWIYHb9epDyh23Xu_D4_S65Ccz80Dzd1g0X9KjfcvShgJk4kgXjlGmQlLVbSKmd1brBUDrcYs9-OybTLnaXZ-N1rFv6w/s320/WASH+SECTOR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Water and Sanitation sector overview in Ghana</td></tr>
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<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><br /></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">INTRODUCTION</span></u></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The water sector of Ghana is
defined to include the following sub sectors:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Urban water delivery including water supply
service in peri urban communities;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rural and small towns water delivery; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in !msorm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130609T2236; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in !msorm;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Basic sanitation and hygiene in rural areas;
and <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in !msorm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130609T2236; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in !msorm;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Water resources management <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">This
position paper deals with the above defined </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">within the context of
the National Water Policy (2007), Ghana Water Vision 2025, and the Water Sector
Strategic Development Plan 2012- 2025. It sets out the </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">current
state and challenges specific to the sub-sectors, the issues general to the
sector that also need to be addressed, and the strategies </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">in the planning, development and management of the nation’s water
resources and in the delivery of sustainable water supply and water related
sanitation services. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The ultimate goal is to realize </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">the vision of the water
sector <b><i>“sustainable water and basic sanitation for all by 2025”,</i></b> which
means ensuring that “all people living in Ghana have access to adequate, safe,
affordable and reliable water service, practise safe sanitation and hygiene and
that water resources are sustainably managed”. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Ghana’s institutional framework for the
water sector is quite well structured. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">The Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing (MWRWH)
through its Water Directorate </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">is responsible for providing leadership for sector
activities in policy development, implementation, coordination, monitoring and
evaluation. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) facilitate water
supply and sanitation delivery for rural communities and small towns.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) undertakes urban water
supply. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Water Resources Commission (WRC) oversees water resources regulation
and management. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) provides
pricing regulation for urban water supply. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">T</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Franklin Gothic Book"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">he Ministry of Local
Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">through its Environmental Health and Sanitation
Directorate (EHSD) </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Franklin Gothic Book"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">coordinates environmental sanitation,
while the School Health Education Program (SHEP) under the Ghana Education
Service coordinates water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in schools.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation (CONIWAS) is an umbrella organisation
to ensure harmony in the activities of Civil Society Organisations and to align
their operations within the sector. In addition to harmonisation and alignment,
CONIWAS serves as a general advocacy organisation for its members to promote
dialogue between sector CSOs, government and other stakeholders. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF THE WATER SECTOR<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Urban and Peri-Urban Water
Service Delivery<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">The
provider-based data from the Ghana Water Company Ltd (GWCL) indicates that
urban water coverage was 58% percent for 2008 and 62.9% by 2012. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">About twenty years ago, the urban population of Ghana was
about 5.6 million or 36 percent of the total population, but </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">per the
2010 population census it is about </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">12.2 million or </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">a little over 50%. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Despite this
significant increase in the urban population with a water demand of </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,125,253m<sup>3</sup>/day</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">, </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">GWCL operates 83 water systems
with a total production of about 707,783m<sup>3</sup>/day. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130610T1840; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">In
the majority of urban areas, water is rationed due to the high demand and
inadequate supply. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Customer satisfaction ranges from
excellent to very poor depending on location of the customer, but most
significantly the institutionalization of rationing programme is negatively
affecting socio-economic growth. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Clearly, systems that were designed
to service the 5.6 million population will have to be modified to be able to
service the population today. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">With
an anticipated increase in population especially in urban areas, additional
investments should be provided to meet future increase in demand for water
services. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">It is significant to note that
there is lack of proper metering of urban water production and consumption by
GWCL and therefore data available are estimates by GWCL. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">At the end of 2012 the average
monthly sales were just about 10,861,000 m<sup>3</sup>. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">GWCL still records significantly
high non-revenue water averaging about 50% and has a bill collection ratio of
about 90%. The bill collection ratio is also lower than the benchmark of 96%
and 99.2% for low and middle-income country peer groups.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130610T1855; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The proportion of non-revenue water is more than twice
the international best practice levels of 20 % and even the benchmark of 33%
for the low-income country peer group. There are two explanations for this. One
is the ageing distribution infrastructure that is full of leaks. The other is
high non-technical loss due to large-scale theft from the distribution network,
sometimes for the purposes of secondary retailing of water sachets. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Unstable
electricity supply, encroachment, illegal small scale mining activities
(“galamsey”), delay in payment of compensation, rationing and its effects on
equipment and mounting customer indebtedness are also other factors that have
affected efficiency of operations of GWCL thus leading to unsustainable urban
water service delivery. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130610T1855; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Appropriate metering of water production and
consumption will have to be established. There is also the need to create
stronger incentives for GWCL to address the issue of non-revenue water and to
improve water production levels, distribution network and bill collection to
improve service delivery. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Government is seeking to improve water service
delivery in peri urban areas and low income communities, but a lot more work
needs to be done in defining peri urban areas, establish current water supply
levels and supply options and strategies for providing water service to these
areas. A study by PURC concluded that the majority of the poor are un-served
directly by GWCL except through informal services or secondary and tertiary
sources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The key challenges limiting urban and peri-urban water
service delivery are summarised as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Large
supply-demand gap<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Obsolete
plants and equipment as well as overage transmission and distribution lines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Inadequate
distribution network in outlying districts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Inadequate
funding for investment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">High
non-revenue water (billing shortfall)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Low
metering ratio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Unstable
power supply at some treatment plants e.g. Daboase, Barekese, Kwanyako and
Mampong<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Land
acquisition issues e.g. compensations, lack of access and encroachment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130614T1619; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Poor
physical planning and lack of co-operation among relevant agencies (e.g. Town
and Country Planning Dept)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Low
tariffs</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rural and Small Towns Water
Service<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The thrust of the National Community Water and
Sanitation Programme (NCWSP) is the community ownership and management (COM) of
the water and sanitation facilities installed in the beneficiary rural and
small town communities and the use of the private sector to support the
process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The
national rural and small towns water coverage at the end of 2011 was 63.34%
from a baseline of 40% in the year 2000.
In the rural and small towns water sub-sector, although communities are
responsible for operation and maintenance of water facilities, responsibility
for water quality monitoring as well as major rehabilitation and replacement of
infrastructure is yet to be clarified. Thus, it is estimated that between 12% and 20%
of water facilities in rural communities and small towns are either non
functional or function below the expected standards at any given time. CWSA is yet to have adequate data on
functionality of water systems and when water facilities were installed. This affects planning for operation and
maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement of facilities that may have
outlived their lifespan. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Water
supply technology options remain limited to:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Hand dug wells (fitted
with or without pumps), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Boreholes (fitted with
any of the four (4) standardised pumps),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Spring catchment
systems, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Limited mechanisation
(i.e. mechanised boreholes with limited distribution), and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Piped schemes (especially
for small towns) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">There
are also very limited self supply initiatives and rainwater harvesting systems.
Very little consideration has been given to addressing the needs of persons
with disability in the design of water supply systems. It has been established
that the unit cost of water service delivery in Ghana is relatively higher as
compared to other countries in Sub Saharan Africa. There is room for developing more affordable
and disability friendly technology options to reduce the unit cost of water
service in rural areas and small towns.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">CWSA has been able to
establish a private sector managed distribution system of hand pump spare parts
for the four (4) recognised hand pumps in Ghana. Sales outlets have been opened
in all the ten regions and the private operator has completed the repayment of
the seed funds provided to kick-start the network. According to CWSA, the
privatised network is becoming financially sustainable and will stay
operational when subsidies to the private operator end in</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">
the near future.</span><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">However, the rural and small
towns water service delivery faces a number of challenges including the
following:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Budget Constraints: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">CWSA has not always received the
full complement of its approved Annual Budget either from government or its
development partners over the years. This has always been the case for
Administration, Service and the Investments components of the budget. The 2010
budget approval and releases clearly demonstrate the challenge with budget
releases. For instance, of the GH¢3.8 million approved for Investments, only
GH¢0.42 million was paid out to contractors and consultants; no amount from the
approved budget for Services was made available; and less than 50 percent of
the Administration budget was dispensed to the Agency. <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Again in 2011 the entire Service budget
was not made available, and only <b>GH¢544,459
</b>of the approved Investments budget of<b>
GH¢1,901,633 </b>was disbursed to the Agency<b>. </b>Given the situation where the government is unable to release the
full complement of Administration budget, CWSA is unable to track budget
performance and to monitor the performance of contractors in the field. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListContinue3" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Limited capacity at
District Assembly Level for water and sanitation delivery: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">District Assemblies do not have the requisite capacity
(water and sanitation engineers and hydrogeologists) to effectively implement
water and sanitation projects. Apart from the fact that the District Works
Departments, which are expected to replace the District Water and Sanitation
Teams, have not been set up in many districts, the frequent transfer of staff
trained on water and sanitation issues, adversely affects the management of
water and sanitation projects in the districts.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListContinue3CxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Hydro-geological
Problems: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Difficult
Hydro-geological terrain results in low success rate in borehole drilling. This
problem is pronounced in the Voltaian Basin, which covers the Northern region
and parts of northern Volta. As a result of this situation some of the projects
are unable to attain their targets. There is also the technical challenge
associated with mud drilling within parts of the Brong Ahafo region.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListContinue3CxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListContinue3CxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt;">
<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Water Safety:
</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">There are a
number of water safety (mainly water quality) issues militating against safe
drinking water delivery. These include
high iron, manganese, arsenic and fluoride found in water in some parts of the
country. Even in areas with excellent success rates for drilling, the chemical
content in the water is normally higher than the recommended levels, making it
impossible for pumps to be installed on those wells for the use of the
communities. A good number of high yielding wells have thus been capped,
especially in the Northern and Upper East regions due to high levels of
fluoride in these wells. In the coastal regions, salinity of borehole water is
a constraining factor.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3CxSpFirst" style="mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Sustainability of Service
Delivery: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The issue of
sustainability of the water and sanitation systems that have been provided to
the small communities and small towns is key. The expectation of CWSA is that
these facilities will function at optimal capacity through and beyond their
design life span. Current developments in the sector however threaten the
sustainability of these systems. These developments include:<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Inability of Water and Sanitation
Management Teams to set realistic tariffs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Non-payment of institutional
bills (by government institutions); and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Inadequate personnel and
logistics for monitoring operations and maintenance of existing systems<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span></h5>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Basic Sanitation and Hygiene <o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Data
reported by the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Ghana </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">indicates that about
20% of the entire country’s population practises open defecation. The practice is
dominant in the three regions in Northern Ghana (Northern Region, Upper East
& Upper West Regions) where more than 70% of the population practise open
defecation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">There is also a weak culture (especially in the rural areas) for
individual household latrine ownership in Ghana. A</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> high proportion (almost 51%)
of Ghanaians use shared latrines, which according to the JMP of WHO/UNICEF, is
classified as unimproved. Ghana intends conducting research into the shared
latrine phenomenon with a view to developing an agreed national definition for
sanitation coverage. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">T</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">he national sanitation
coverage rate was estimated at about 13% in 2008. The implication is that it
will require enormous effort for the country to achieve the MDG target of 53%
sanitation coverage by 2015. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Among the approaches for
sanitation promotion are Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) based on
sanitation ladder and the social-marketing techniques, which are complemented
with the establishment of sanitation markets. Communities are assisted to
attain and sustain an Open Defecation Free (ODF) status whilst the capacity of
the private sector is strengthened to support construction of sanitation
facilities. There is therefore a shift from provision of subsidy to community
ownership, mutual support and local solutions for sanitation behavioural
change.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> The Ministry of Local Government and Rural
Development (MLGRD) has prepared a National Environmental Sanitation Strategy
and Action Plan (NESSAP) and accompanying Strategic Environmental Sanitation
Investment Plan (SESIP) to guide investments in the sector towards implementing
the NESSAP. NESSAP seeks to adopt
Community Led Total Sanitation as a fast means of accelerating the population’s
access and use of basic sanitation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">As a result, a national rural
sanitation model and costed scaling up strategy has been developed but is yet
to be implemented. A national hand
washing with soap strategy has also been developed by CWSA and is being
implemented in collaboration with the private sector and allied agencies since
2005.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">Water
Resources Management <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The country
could be described as well endowed with rainfall, lakes, perennial rivers and
limited but substantial groundwater resources. However, seasonal shortages are
quite common and the sustainability of this water endowment is threatened by
natural phenomena such as extreme spatial and temporal variability of climate
and rainfall, coupled with potential effects of a changing climate, growing
water scarcity, and trends towards desertification in the north.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Water quality considerations have become
increasingly important due to environmental problems arising from human
activities leading to land degradation, waste discharges from domestic,
municipal, industrial (including mining) and agricultural sources into rivers
and aquifers. In addition to these, other issues such as conflicts in the use
of water; a lack of consultation and co-operation mechanism in the use of
international water resources; inability to implement existing rules and
regulations for water resources management; poor financing of the water
resources agencies etc. have also come to the fore. </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">In resolving these water resources management issues,
Ghana has during the years from the first conceptual emergence of Integrated
Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the early 1990s, put in place a good part
of the basic policy, legal and institutional frameworks, which eventually will
sustain the implementation of IWRM in the country. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Some notable programmes and actions already in place
include: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The establishment of the Water Resources Commission by
an Act of parliament in 1996; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The adoption of the 2007 National Water Policy (NWP); <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The development of five river basin IWRM plans and set
up of five corresponding River Basin Boards (RBBs) between 2003 and 2012; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Development of a national IWRM plan; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The active involvement with neighbouring countries on
trans-boundary issues on the Volta Basin; and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 49.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">In addition, substantial capacity building has taken
place within the key institutions involved in water resources management over
the past 15 years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Despite the
progress made in the management of water resources there are<b> </b>challenges and constraints that need to
be addressed. These include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 35.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Inadequate
enforcement of existing regulations and permit conditions to improve water
quality in particular;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Inadequate regulations on control of discharge of
effluent from industrial and domestic sources;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Inadequate data and information on surface and
groundwater quantity as well as water quality;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Inadequate skilled human resources for IWRM at
all levels;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Climate change and climate variability impacts on
water and other natural resources are inadequately described and insufficiently
incorporated in sectoral water management strategies;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Sustaining public awareness and education towards
promoting positive actions on water resources;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Many activities in river basins leading to
catchment degradation and poor water quality are unregulated (e.g. buffer
zone policy is yet to be implemented);<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Systems for early warning and mitigation of
effects from floods and droughts are inadequate; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 1.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">New protocols with Côte d’Ivoire on the joint
management of the Aby Lagoon-Bia-Tano basins system and with Togo on
shared groundwater resources are yet to be established; and <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CROSS-CUTTING CHALLENGES <o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Governance:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> In terms of
governance, considerable progress has been made in institutional reforms and
alignment of institutions in the water sector. For instance, the involvement of
MMDAs and communities in the management of rural and small towns water and
sanitation facilities within the framework of the National Community Water and
Sanitation Programme (NCWSP) and the establishment of the Water Directorate and
Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate at the MWRWH and MLGRD
respectively are key milestones that have improved governance in the water
sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">However, there are
governance issues worth noting. Reporting on sector progress and tracking of
investments by all stakeholders including Development Partners (DPs), Government
and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in the sector has been weak. It is
quite difficult to track allocation and expenditure on investments by Government
and DPs in the water sector due to lack of a harmonised system for disbursement
of funds. There is very little information on the contribution of NGOs to the
water sector due to weak regulatory and reporting framework. There is room for
improving collaboration between MMDAs and sub sector institutions especially
the interface between MMDAs and GWCL in urban water delivery. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">With support from CWSA,
MMDAs and communities have established sub district level structures to manage
existing water and sanitation facilities. However, the degree of functionality
of these sub district level structures and systems (such as Water and
Sanitation (WATSAN) Committees, Water and Sanitation Development Boards
(WSDBs), Area Mechanics and Latrine Artisans) to manage existing water and
sanitation facilities begins to wane with the withdrawal of project support by
CWSA. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">WATSAN
Committees and WSDBs have been sustainable where they are provided adequate
post project technical support when a project ends. In most instances however,
the reverse has been the case i.e. limited or no post project support resulting
in non-functioning WATSAN Committees/WSDBs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Within the framework of
managing the country’s water resources, WRC is facilitating the establishment
of River Basin Boards (RBBs) and offices as the decentralised management
structure to oversee the regulation and management of water resources at the
basin level. Unfortunately, the WRC has been unable to establish all the RBBs
due to limited capacity and funding. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130615T0607; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Institutional
Capacity:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">The Water Directorate does not
have the required staffing and budgetary allocation from Government and this
affects its capacity to support MWRWH to provide leadership on sector
issues. Furthermore, there is the need
to appraise and develop capacity of GWCL, CWSA and WRC to enable them perform
their functions effectively and efficiently. <o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">GWCL
will require capacity building support to improve urban water service delivery
i.e. production, distribution, revenue collection and customer care. CWSA will
require capacity building support in terms of human, financial and logistical
resources at the national and regional level to effectively play a facilitator
role and in the near future, to regulate the rural and small towns sub sector.
This is on account of the increasing number of districts CWSA has had to deal
with and emerging challenges with rural and small towns’ water service
delivery. As indicated WRC needs capacity building support for setting up and
operating the RBBs.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Coordination:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> There is consensus and commitment among
sector stakeholders towards a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) for the sector to
effectively align and harmonise interventions in the water sector. The code of
conduct under the SWAp has been signed among stakeholders, while a country
assessment study has been finalised to establish the financing mechanism and
arrangements under the SWAp. Coordination among MWRWH, MoFEP, MLGRD and DPs
needs to be strengthened especially through sharing of information and ensuring
that the water sector is given more priority in Government’s budgetary
allocation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Finance: </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Government makes contributions towards
services and investment costs in all the water sector agencies, but the
allocations have been inadequate. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The variation in government
budgeted and actual releases have been as high as 95% in some instances. This
affects the performance of sector institutions and results in delays with
implementation of planned interventions. In April 2010, Government declared
water and sanitation as essential services, signed the Ghana Sanitation and
Water for All (SWA) Compact and made a commitment to invest $350 million
annually to accelerate progress towards achievement of the MDG targets. This
commitment is yet to materialise. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">There is limited financing for investments and renewal
of assets by GWCL. As a result, GWCL has been unable to provide satisfactory
service to its customers. There are lifeline tariffs and subsidies as a means
of improving access to water services to the poor. These measures have been
poorly targeted and as a result, the subsidies benefit the rich rather than the
poor. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Sector financing is
still “new infrastructure focused” with little attention to post construction
cost and incremental cost by implementing agencies. In a study of investments
in the rural and small towns’ water sector since the inception of NCWSP, it was
established that investments in new facilities accounted for 58% of investments
in the rural and small towns sub sector as compared to 48% for rehabilitation
works. The absorptive capacity of some sector agencies and the private sector
in utilising investments in the sector is also weak owing to human, procurement,
and other logistical constraints. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">There is also a
generally low financial resource allocation for water and sanitation activities
at the district level. In a study of selected MMDAs in six regions by the Water
Sector Monitoring Platform, it was established that MMDAs utilised between 0.01%
and 5.4% of proceeds from their District Assemblies Common Fund in 2008 for
interventions in water and sanitation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">In effect, the water
sector requires increased financial investment from government and other
non-traditional funding sources including private sector financing to ensure
sustainable financing of the sector given the fact that upon attaining lower
middle-income status, DP support in the form of grants is likely to decrease. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: DA;">STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;">A
number of strategies have been outlined to address the existing and emerging
challenges facing the water sector by way of </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">planning,
development and management of the nation’s water resources and in the delivery
of equitable and sustainable water supply and water related sanitation
services. These cover the period
2012-2025.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc319331179"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Water Service
Delivery</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">In order to meet the
MDG targets (76% coverage in rural/small towns and 85% coverage in urban areas
by 2015) and attain universal coverage in water service by 2025, new
investments and rehabilitation works in the urban water sub sector and in the
rural and small towns’ water sub sector are proposed. In implementing planned
investments, priority will be given to providing water services in un-served
areas, peri urban and low-income communities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The planned investments
in water services in both rural and urban water sectors have been informed by projection
of water demand and population increases over the planning horizon i.e.
2012-2015 and 2016 to 2025 as captured in the Strategic Investment Plans of
CWSA and GWCL. Government is to leverage the required financing from domestic
and external sources to implement the proposed investments to improve service
delivery. With the implementation of
proposed investments in both the rural/small towns and urban sub sectors, it is
expected that all households will receive at least a basic level of water service
in Ghana by 2025. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Government will develop
and implement a national water safety plan to address challenges with water
quality monitoring across all subsectors i.e. urban, rural, and water resources
management. The framework will build on work already done by PURC, CWSA and the
Ghana Standards Authority and will be anchored within the existing framework
for water quality monitoring. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h4 style="margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Urban Water Service<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">In the urban water sub
sector, reduction in non-revenue water is critical to improving service delivery.
The strategy is to institute measures to reduce non-revenue water from the
current 50% to 45% in 2015 and 33% by 2025. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Firstly, the appropriate metering of water production and consumption
must be pursued. This will ensure the availability of the required data in
order to track water production and losses along the distribution chain.
This measure must also be complemented with the introduction and scaling
up of zonal metering to track leakages and theft within the distribution
network.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Secondly, carry out an institutional capacity assessment that will
inform the design and implementation of a capacity building plan and
institutional reforms for GWCL. These activities are expected to address
work ethics, customer care and efficiency in service delivery among staff.
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Thirdly, GWCL must be supported to further decentralise its operations
and strengthen collaboration with MMDAs and sub district level structures.
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Fourthly, provide the required financing for rehabilitation, upgrading
and expansion of the all the 83 urban water systems being managed by GWCL
as captured in the GWCL SIP to reduce leakages. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Fifthly, the current urban water tariff is set to include a
non-revenue water component or loss of 45%. The PURC must be supported to
progressively reduce the proportion of non-revenue water component on
water tariffs to 40% by 2020 and 33% by 2025. This will ensure that GWCL’s
inefficiencies are not passed on to consumers through the upward
adjustment of tariffs and also inject efficiency in urban service delivery.
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<h5 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Peri Urban and Low Income
Communities Water Service<o:p></o:p></span></h5>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">There is the need to map out
low income urban and peri urban communities which are currently un-served and
under-served with potable water supply and develop a framework for targeting
the poor, address the “compound housing effect” of lifeline tariffs on the poor
and improving water service delivery in low income communities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">In order to improve water
service delivery in peri urban water areas, the options to be considered
include the following: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">WSDB management of a water
facility or distribution of bulk water supply from GWCL or community owned
network;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Area Council/Unit Committee
management of a water facility or bulk water supply from GWCL or community
owned network; and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Private operator management of
a water facility or bulk water supply from GWCL or community owned network. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rural and Small Towns Water Service<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Investments in the rural water sub sector over the
years have focused on new investments rather than rehabilitation, and operation
and maintenance of existing facilities. Hence, the strategy is to create a
database on all water facilities, establish their functionality and their
respective dates of installation. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
The outcome will be used in designing an
elaborate programme to rehabilitate and replace facilities that have outlived
their lifespan.<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc319331180"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Water Related
Sanitation and Hygiene Service</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">CWSA is to facilitate the
implementation of the rural sanitation programme under the WSSDP and within the
framework of the NESSAP and related implementation documents and policies
notably:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The </span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">National Sanitation Model and Scaling Up Strategy:</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> has been
developed based on a three pronged approach of sanitation marketing;
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) for changing attitudes towards safe
hygiene and sanitation practices and triggering demand for and use of
household latrines; and providing microcredit through rural and community
banks and micro finance institutions to support household latrine
construction; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The <i>National
Hand washing with Soap</i>: seeks to promote hand washing with soap
practice through an active partnership between the public and private
sectors; and <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in !msorm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130615T0706; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in !msorm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The national household water treatment and safe
storage strategy: seeks to promote household water treatment technologies
and approaches as a means to improving hygiene. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc319331184"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"> </span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Water
Resources Management</span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Under water resources
management five (5) key strategies are to be pursued:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Strengthen the regulatory and institutional framework
for managing and protecting water resources for water security and enhancing
resilience to climate change</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Enhance public awareness and education in water
resource management issues</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Improve access to water resources knowledge base to
facilitate water resources planning and decision making</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman Bold"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Improve
transboundary and international cooperation in the management of shared water
resources<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ensure
gender equity in water resources management and planning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">CROSS CUTTING
STRATEGIES/INTERVENTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The
Private Sector<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The private sector is to play the following role
in delivery of goods, services and works in the water sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0.0001pt 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Participation
in operation and maintenance of water systems as well as financing arrangements
e.g. Build, Own and Operate (BOO), Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) etc. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Provide hygiene and sanitation facilities at the
household and institutional levels in the area of basic sanitation. The private
sector will supply the required household and institutional sanitation
facilities as a result of the expected demand through the adoption of CLTS
approach to sanitation and hygiene promotion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Implement a microcredit scheme through rural community
banks and microfinance institutions to provide loans to households for
household latrine construction. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Provide microcredit for
the construction of 50,000 household latrines annually to contribute to
improving access to safe sanitation facilities.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Provide financial support for developing buffer strips
that would serve as alternative livelihood source and protect the water bodies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc319331183"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Financ</span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">An estimated US$237 million in capital investment (CAPEX) is
required annually for water supply. Estimated requirements for sanitation are
higher, at US$406 million per year, a substantial part of which the government
expects to be borne by households. It is clear that anticipated spending will
not be enough to achieve the sector targets and that increased and more
innovative financing, sector planning, better targeting, greater efficiency,
and cost recovery approaches will be needed to address identified gaps. The following </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">strategic mechanisms
needs to be explored to improving financing the water sector:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Create a uniform treasury
system involving the use of country system to channel funds for financing all
investments, including those in the water and sanitation sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Be committed to increasing
public sector funding of the water sector especially the rural and small towns
water sub sector and the water resources management sub sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Leverage more financing for
sector activities through increased budgetary allocations, grants, loans and
private sector financing. It is expected that Government’s contribution to
investments for the rural water/small towns and water resources sub-sectors
will reach 30% by 2015, 50% by 2020 and 100% by 2025. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Explore private sector
financing arrangement such as Build, Operate and Own (BOO) and Build, Operate
and Transfer (BOT) within the framework for private sector participation in the
rural and small towns’ water sector. Target is to secure private sector
financing to the tune of about 5% of sector investments by 2015. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Support measures to improve
the financial viability of GWCL in order to meet full operation and maintenance
cost and for rehabilitation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Be committed to ensuring that
urban consumers progressively bear the full cost of rehabilitation of urban
water systems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Rural water development levy
payment to CWSA to be tied to revenue inflows to GWCL. This will improve
financing of CWSA activities in the rural and small towns sub sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Allocate 1% of the cost of new
investments in water services for water resources management. This will ensure
that the water resource potential of the source of water supply is preserved.
The funds will be utilised to design and implement a water resource management
programme as an accompanying intervention with new investments. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">At the district level MMDAs
are to allocate resources for investment in water and sanitation service
delivery and bear the cost of major rehabilitation works and replacement of
water facilities that have outlived their lifespan. This support will be
complemented with the implementation of follow up training programmes for
community level structures (e.g. WATSANs and WSDBs) every four (4) years to
ensure 95% and 98% functionality of rural and small towns’ water systems by
2015 and 2025 respectively. MMDAs will ensure that WSDBs allocate adequate
funds for major rehabilitation and replacement of small towns’ piped schemes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Explore different
possibilities for the creation of a financing mechanism to cover the costs of
capital maintenance expenditure in small-town systems. This will include
liaising with the National Insurance Commission to explore the possibility of
getting insurance companies to provide insurance cover for existing water
facilities. If feasible, MMDAs are encouraged to insure existing water
facilities in their respective areas of jurisdiction. This will contribute to
ensuring that water facilities are utilised over their full lifespan. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-prop-change: Ben 20130615T0831; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Knowledge Management<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Interventions targeted
to improve knowledge management are: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Support
research on cost saving measures, innovations and best practices in water and
sanitation service delivery. Research areas or topics will come from the
various water sector agencies and departments as well as civil society and the
private sector. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">The
existing National Learning Alliance platform is to be strengthened and extended
to the regional and district levels. The district level learning alliance
sessions will also provide the platform for discussing reports on the
activities of WSDBs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Undertake periodic (every 4
years) sector specific surveys similar to and in between the timing of Multiple
Indicator Custer Survey (MICS) and Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS)
and covering rural, small towns and urban water supply, basic sanitation and
hygiene.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: DA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gender
Mainstreaming <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">As
part of capacity building support measures WATSAN Committees/WSDBs are to be
trained on the complementary roles of both sexes in water and sanitation
service delivery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: DA;">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Women
are to be encouraged to take up leadership positions in water and sanitation
service delivery in both rural and small towns. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Monitoring
and Evaluation <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Set up a National Monitoring and Evaluation
Coordination Group with clear terms of reference. The M&E Coordination
Group will prepare an M&E plan, system and strategy for the sector.</span> <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: FrutigerLT-Light; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Summary of Key Strategies </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -40.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 900px;">
<thead>
<tr style="height: 20.2pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #BFBFBF; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 20.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Strategic Area<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 20.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Objectives<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #BFBFBF; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 20.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Key Strategies<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 51.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 51.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Urban & Peri Urban Water Service<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Improve access to water
services especially for all in urban and peri urban areas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Increase water
services in low income and peri urban communities <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Improve water
production and distribution system<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 64.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 64.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rural & Small Towns Water Service<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 64.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Improve access to wa</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
ter
services in rural and small towns<o:p></o:p><br />
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 64.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Provide new water
facilities in under-served and un-served rural areas and small towns<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Institute appropriate
mechanism for rehabilitation, operation and maintenance of existing
facilities<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;">Rural and Small Towns Sanitation & Hygiene Service<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;">Maximise
health benefits through integration of water, sanitation and hygiene
education interventions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;">Promote safe
sanitation and hygiene practices in all water beneficiary institutions and
communities; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Water Resources Management </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Strengthen the regulatory and
institutional framework for managing and protecting water resources for water
security and enhancing resilience to climate change<span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
1 Enhance the policy framework for
IWRM<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
2. Enhance the implementation of
existing regulations on WRM<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman Bold"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
3. Develop and implement
additional regulations on Dam Safety and Effluent discharges<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman Bold"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
4. Ensure the protection and
conservation of river basins and wetlands for water security as well as
enhanced resilience and adaptation to climate change<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman Bold"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: HE; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 16.0pt; text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Enhance
public awareness and education in water resource management issues<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Strengthen communication campaigns
and education to stimulate interest and promote support for WRM-related
initiatives<span style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Improve
access to water resources knowledge base to facilitate water resources
planning and decision making<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
1 Improve <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">hydrological and
meteorological </span>data and information management<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
2 Promote scientific
investigations and research in water resources assessment, management and
development.<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Improve
transboundary and international cooperation in the management of shared water
resources<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
Facilitate the development of
bilateral and multilateral agreements/ protocols to strengthen cooperation
with riparian countries in shared basins<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1.85in; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.85in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Institutional
Capacity Development and Governance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.85in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Ensure that all
institutional structures perform their roles efficiently and effectively<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Ensure that the water
sector operates in a transparent and accountable manner <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3. Ensure an effectively
harmonised and aligned water sector<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 1.85in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Strengthen capacity of
all institutional structures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Facilitate timely
reporting and participatory discussion of results/issues in the water sector;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3. Institute appropriate
mechanism to track funds flow and investment in the sector.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4. Development and
implementation of a sector coordination framework<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 110.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 110.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Finance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Ensure
sustainable financing of investment and operation and maintenance cost of
water services<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Periodic review of
urban water tariffs to reflect full operation and maintenance cost of service
delivery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Attract private
sector financing for investment and operation and maintenance of water
services<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3. Implement measures to
reduce non-revenue water <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4. Create a mechanism
for financing capital maintenance expenditure for rural and small-town
systems<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 165.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 165.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: DA;">Knowledge Management,
Gender and M&E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 165.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="300">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Promote generation,
sharing and utilization of knowledge relevant to the water sector<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Provide
evidence-based data and knowledge to improve decision making in the water
sector<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3. Ensure gender equity in participation in water and sanitation
issues at all levels <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 165.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt; width: 261.0pt;" valign="top" width="435">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">1. Support research,
dissemination and discussion of research results on key issues affecting
water and sanitation service delivery<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">2. Promote scientific
investigations and research in water resources assessment, management and
development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">3. Development and
operationalisation of a national M&E system to track sector progress <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt;">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">4. Empowering both sexes
to appreciate their complementary roles in water and sanitation service
delivery as well as water resources management.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> <b>ENOCH OFOSU</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><b> blessedenoch@gmail.com</b></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-81057961342840280202014-04-01T19:37:00.000+01:002014-04-01T19:37:51.089+01:00ADVANCING THE FRONTIERS OF EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR E-WASTE TAKE-BACK: GHANA IN FOCUS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTc-hiuzcQZw9nogqNv4sQRhYQCxPWbiplyR1dVCZKYjNeXt0WMBd-VyDaY-zuHv8AhNpjBWC9xCNkwy8_QJyd0Ygb_rQcckM86BPA1KPQKGLI3unornf-Gj5bwcKWqaIKmRxh7p4Ap4Wf/s1600/about-epr.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTc-hiuzcQZw9nogqNv4sQRhYQCxPWbiplyR1dVCZKYjNeXt0WMBd-VyDaY-zuHv8AhNpjBWC9xCNkwy8_QJyd0Ygb_rQcckM86BPA1KPQKGLI3unornf-Gj5bwcKWqaIKmRxh7p4Ap4Wf/s1600/about-epr.jpeg" height="185" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The </span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">electronic waste
(e-waste) </span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">menace around the
world has been a major environmental and health concern to Governments. In many
developing countries, balancing between the need to</span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"> bridge the
so-called ‘digital divide’ </span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">and curbing
technology dumping has often put Governments, manufactures and </span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">importers</span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> on a collision course.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The latest place in the developing world that has
gained notoriety as the world’s biggest e-waste dump-site is <i>Agbobloshie</i> in Accra, the capital of
Ghana. Analysis of samples taken from this e-waste scrap yard in Ghana by
Greenpeace International</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> (a global campaigning organization) revealed severe </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">contamination with hazardous chemicals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwV2vovbun7IHaOKhBKMSWi40S1HmWuk62Fn-N3UKZop2lh2t_gcXybw5P7mhF6V5FA4IQzkOZltkhx4k21Gf5fC-LPZ-PQxaD4jVi-z1K1svyV__Sjxf4zBHOshDZjF-h2VfqKvtLuZX/s1600/e-waste+photos.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQwV2vovbun7IHaOKhBKMSWi40S1HmWuk62Fn-N3UKZop2lh2t_gcXybw5P7mhF6V5FA4IQzkOZltkhx4k21Gf5fC-LPZ-PQxaD4jVi-z1K1svyV__Sjxf4zBHOshDZjF-h2VfqKvtLuZX/s1600/e-waste+photos.jpg" height="192" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white;">Ghana has
witnessed a rapid growth in the inflow of mobile phones and computers and their
peripherals and television sets, thanks to a flourishing Communications sector
that has allowed in multiple telcos. </span>Multi-simming, the ownership of
more than one active mobile phone lines by one person is commonplace in Ghana,
and that accounts for the high mobile phone penetration. The total number of
active mobile phone lines in Ghana as at November, 2012 stood at 25,344,745,
which is marginally higher than the estimated population of Ghana, which stood
at 25,241,998. Mobile penetration in Ghana therefore stands at 100.41%. <span style="background: white;">Official data released by the Ghana Shippers Authority
indicates that the country imported 31,400 metric tons of used Electrical and
Electronic Equipment (EEE) in 2010, 75% more than what was imported into the
country in 2009.According to UNEP’s
recent statistics an estimated 20 to 50 million tons of electronics waste is
generated annually which, according to one estimate, if loaded on railway
trucks would produce a train that would stretch once around the world.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_o_GOrSDFGaFDWs689PYp00lQtKPdxms47XBqPS1pvcVahnHAv5GhkKnlxme2e3CbcNtlZomVu6Sr_sGlMAXz2w01NSkzSdGkxzlEnRgJxyY7SsEwBrUUqNYYZDaqlLZZULPip3SkhX5L/s1600/e-waste-accra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_o_GOrSDFGaFDWs689PYp00lQtKPdxms47XBqPS1pvcVahnHAv5GhkKnlxme2e3CbcNtlZomVu6Sr_sGlMAXz2w01NSkzSdGkxzlEnRgJxyY7SsEwBrUUqNYYZDaqlLZZULPip3SkhX5L/s1600/e-waste-accra.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">E-waste contains hazardous constituents
that may negatively impact the environment and affect human health if not
properly managed. </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">E-waste is more
hazardous than many other municipal wastes because EEE contain components made
of deadly chemicals and heavy metals which can potentially damage the nervous
system, the kidneys, bones, and the reproductive and the endocrine systems.
Many of the chemicals present in the e-wastes are persisting in the
environment, which means their effecting will be abiding for many centuries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ghana
is rapidly becoming one of the most favorite destinations for obsolete
computers and other e-wastes from the developed world, mainly Europe and
America. There is incessant inflow of hundreds of containers filled with used EEE
at the port. Most of the electronic gadgets arriving in Ghana are labeled as
second-hands goods but in reality majority of them are e-waste, ostensibly creating
an electronic waste dump. E-waste dumping has become a major problem due to the
fact that there are no formidable laws to deal with e-waste trade and recycling
in Ghana and in many developing countries.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">There are no laws to regulate e-waste
trade and recycling in Ghana and in many developing countries</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. Presently, dumping of hazardous waste from advanced
countries in developing countries is prohibited by the Basel Convention, an
international<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">treaty<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><span style="background: white;">that was designed to reduce the movements of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hazardous
waste</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">between nations, and to specifically prevent transfer of
hazardous waste from<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developed_countries" title="Developed countries"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">developed</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Less_Developed_Countries" title="Less Developed Countries"><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">less developed countries</span></a><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">. EU laws also prohibit the export of e-waste to countries
like Ghana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">While African governments are gradually
becoming aware of the problems of e-waste, few are taking steps in drawing up
policies. Some countries are focusing on the age of imported EEE while others
are considering a complete ban of second-hand EEE from entering their
territories. Ghana and Uganda are respectively two examples of the two foci
above. These notwithstanding, it is worth mentioning that policies and
regulations focusing on regulating imports and banning have faced numerous
setbacks in their enforcement in some jurisdictions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLv-cxa_dHigKvD5BFg_EqunckG74xv4wJFzfFfr-EUriWa2NBsZgazE3Xd-ZgkL3tsPj1cWxFNnE1L5scnkF3FYqjMau2KARv55fbK3FrZCsFCi1paFHSylajH7hIzRr8dOr22AX7nN9U/s1600/BottledMoney.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLv-cxa_dHigKvD5BFg_EqunckG74xv4wJFzfFfr-EUriWa2NBsZgazE3Xd-ZgkL3tsPj1cWxFNnE1L5scnkF3FYqjMau2KARv55fbK3FrZCsFCi1paFHSylajH7hIzRr8dOr22AX7nN9U/s1600/BottledMoney.jpg" height="133" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">Most developed countries have in place
legislation mandating electronic manufacturers and importers to take-back used </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Electrical and Electronic Equipment </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">at their
end-of-life (EoL) based on the principle of extended producer responsibility
(EPR). It is worth advocating that the frontiers of EPR must be </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">extended to developing countries </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">for e-waste
take-back. Adoption and implementation of EPR in the developing countries has
become necessary in the light of the present high level of trans-boundary
movement of e-waste into the developing countries and the lack of basic or
state-of-the-art recycling and waste disposal facilities. Electronic producers
should take up the responsibility of taking-back their products to recycle them
in an acceptable way when they become waste.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">In conclusion, it becomes obvious that
adoption and implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in
developing countries may not be the only silver bullet that may nib the present
and impending dangers of e-waste in the bud. A Change in attitude by
governments, appropriate legislation dealing specifically with e-waste, control
of electronic waste dumping coupled with implementation of EPR and transfer of
technology on sound recycling of e-waste are the key issues in effective
management of e-waste in developing countries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS";">ENOCH OFOSU<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tel.- +1(416) 993- 9403 <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Email- blessedenoch@gmail.com<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com1North America53.9560855309879 -104.414062528.4340510309879 -145.7226565 79.4781200309879 -63.1054685tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-65642769439203048372014-02-27T21:53:00.001+00:002014-02-28T15:30:50.746+00:00THREAT OF CHOLERA LOOMS OVER ACCRA AS RESIDENTS TURN TO UNSAFE SOURCE OF WATER<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiohKVU6Xwb8v4PHhmwTO7ZU1NvESz7IcquiZ7EXaAsnTUo69k4NrKsW2nr2FvejdxoLRgrgwTqs5Ch18PqqKJa3Z2DX7e-Z2FLgJRlISjl8Sv8rRU7enORy8I81NSXtZe0aDcqeV2HCGlO/s1600/SANY0431.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiohKVU6Xwb8v4PHhmwTO7ZU1NvESz7IcquiZ7EXaAsnTUo69k4NrKsW2nr2FvejdxoLRgrgwTqs5Ch18PqqKJa3Z2DX7e-Z2FLgJRlISjl8Sv8rRU7enORy8I81NSXtZe0aDcqeV2HCGlO/s1600/SANY0431.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture Taken in Tessanor -Accrs</td></tr>
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<b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Even
as shortage of water supply is getting severe by the day in the Greater Accra
Metropolitan Area (GAMA)</span>, the threat of cholera outbreak has a
potential of worsening the woes of residents.</i></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Unplanned
visits to many of the suburbs in the metropolis have revealed </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a spectacle that
foretells that the annual threshold of cholera may be exceeded if concrete
measures are not pursued. Some residents (as depicted in the pictures)
are seen fetching water from open drains and other unhygienic sources. They
claim they have no alternative sources of water supply.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr4OPFFYBcBq3zvpHXRqRDuy9Zmbcw5sCVHyVsk02UylHMawN264L9SaMW4sNSu-fN4kutBLYoCt_WPxbyBprE4GebYRv_qMzVhWoUsTTDuHMdA7fMVYVTXhzmiONC8BaxlQ6_3PVKttTW/s1600/SANY0430.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr4OPFFYBcBq3zvpHXRqRDuy9Zmbcw5sCVHyVsk02UylHMawN264L9SaMW4sNSu-fN4kutBLYoCt_WPxbyBprE4GebYRv_qMzVhWoUsTTDuHMdA7fMVYVTXhzmiONC8BaxlQ6_3PVKttTW/s1600/SANY0430.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture taken in Tessanor- Accra</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Management
of the Ghana Water Company has announced a planned shutdown of the Kpong Water
Works. This will commence on Thursday, the 27</span><sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">th</sup><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> of February 2014. The
implication is that </span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">40</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> million gallons
of potable water are going to be lost to the daily water supply, a situation
that will significantly worsen the already existing demand - supply gap of 57
million gallons per day.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
city has not yet recovered from the week long water crises that have plagued
residents. Accra and its environs have been without water for almost one week
following the breakdown of the Weija Treatment Plant</span> which contributes 53
million gallons to the city’s demand daily. Residents were assured the
crises would end on Tuesday, February 25, 2014 however a communications manager
at the GWCL revealed to <span class="apple-converted-space">a local radio station
that…. </span>"It will take a bit of time, between 24 and 48 hours for the
situation to stabilize...Consumers should appreciate what we are doing".<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIU1CdtMc4PkMEGbQ-D6-vOMTTShnSEgIcYgat3vhdqw6E5C2soBm-RIkS6cKj4jl9ysDoEhPxHna5savL1agHRaqjEhXnVTk5tivPVZDfB-gENCadgmxZNczpoD-miCoEopNTxSo-1Q1/s1600/SANY0489.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIU1CdtMc4PkMEGbQ-D6-vOMTTShnSEgIcYgat3vhdqw6E5C2soBm-RIkS6cKj4jl9ysDoEhPxHna5savL1agHRaqjEhXnVTk5tivPVZDfB-gENCadgmxZNczpoD-miCoEopNTxSo-1Q1/s1600/SANY0489.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A man fetching water near a pile of refuse : Picture taken in Nima</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Despite
all the widely available cholera awareness information many Ghanaians die of
cholera annually. According to WHO Cholera report in 2012, Ghana is among five
countries in Africa with worst cholera cases and case fatality ratio. Between
January and May 2012, a total of 3,216 cases and 28 deaths were reported from
20 districts. (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://reliefweb.int/map/burkina-faso/outbreak-bulletin-vol-2-issue-4-26-may-2012" style="outline: 0px; text-align: start;"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">WHO, 26 May
2012</span></a><span style="background: white;"><span style="text-align: start;">). The cholera cases and deaths increased steadily with the
rainfall pattern, resulting in 6,000 cholera cases with 69 deaths by the end of
August (</span></span><a href="http://reliefweb.int/report/ghana/ghana-cholera-dref-operation-final-report-n%C2%B0-mdrgh007" style="outline: 0px; text-align: start;"><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">IFRC, 4 Jan
2013</span></a><span style="background: white;"><span style="text-align: start;">)</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As the
rainfall season draws nearer the inhabitants of the Greater Accra Metropolitan
Area face a high risk of cholera as most turn to unsafe sources for their water
needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ENOCH OFOSU</b></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-84107344413860195032014-02-20T12:38:00.001+00:002014-02-20T12:52:30.154+00:00Climate Change Adaptation in Practice- Adoptable technology from Ethiopia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTg1tW_yhx2kUFNPWQPYs67oAxBRctEnDR8N1nxRREwgSR0WBZACzJbkNuLCBwCJH5Hpacoa0GRdnxcwxQxNH0RjcOKIwTG2AuOajzorULaKIPZbtA0xCij1NP6Cr5MUqn9rQfZOH-384a/s1600/Addis.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTg1tW_yhx2kUFNPWQPYs67oAxBRctEnDR8N1nxRREwgSR0WBZACzJbkNuLCBwCJH5Hpacoa0GRdnxcwxQxNH0RjcOKIwTG2AuOajzorULaKIPZbtA0xCij1NP6Cr5MUqn9rQfZOH-384a/s1600/Addis.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.940000534057617px;">Climate change adaptation in the city of Addis Ababa- Ethiopia. An adoptable technique to establish urban forestry.</span><br />
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 17.940000534057617px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 17.940000534057617px;">You can grow that tree on that compound with this efficient irrigation technique.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 17.940000534057617px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 17.940000534057617px;">ENOCH OFOSU</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 17.940000534057617px;">............................. </span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0United States53.9560855309879 -103.710937528.4340510309879 -145.0195315 79.4781200309879 -62.4023435tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-63792136541811905422013-11-01T18:20:00.000+00:002013-11-04T00:06:39.984+00:00PROFFERING SOLUTION TO THE WHALE DEATHS IN GHANAIAN WATERS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipEUaqJIPROhUhpojDKjDU0zU_UOiAxe61d-zW50RHNleTReOkM_zg6LWO_BuRgdkqP18LEjtj8iXOQeLP5qB2FSck80uabB5BkhD-EubrpaEJQrDNkbE0jgHSZgKsNInPjxyB0A8xqUD8/s1600/whales+ears.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipEUaqJIPROhUhpojDKjDU0zU_UOiAxe61d-zW50RHNleTReOkM_zg6LWO_BuRgdkqP18LEjtj8iXOQeLP5qB2FSck80uabB5BkhD-EubrpaEJQrDNkbE0jgHSZgKsNInPjxyB0A8xqUD8/s320/whales+ears.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">As oil and gas companies
extend their tentacles into the oceans, exploring the depths for untapped
hoards of fossil fuel, many marine creatures have come under lethal threat.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> The
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Jubilee field predicted minor residual
impacts on marine mammals and proposed some measures to counter the effect. The
situation at hand far exceeds the predictions of the impact assessment. The
recent surge in the death of marine mammals, particularly whales is
overwhelming and hence requires urgent attention to avoid any impending effect
on livelihoods and food security in the West African coast.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcbArjFJyJwULQ5hMqKjByRaK8xj3APquPvbA6HVUYgRm54kXn2m_c2a0rvG5M1xf6uq_tyfzTu6BkU5tW6oS83BBTT-_jQck9fQyKQ76TkrLY9qRK_qnpYxJh-Phcb4-9Td6yyLWVe-vL/s1600/Driver_bubbles_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcbArjFJyJwULQ5hMqKjByRaK8xj3APquPvbA6HVUYgRm54kXn2m_c2a0rvG5M1xf6uq_tyfzTu6BkU5tW6oS83BBTT-_jQck9fQyKQ76TkrLY9qRK_qnpYxJh-Phcb4-9Td6yyLWVe-vL/s320/Driver_bubbles_web.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Whales and other
marine mammals rely on their hearing for life's most basic functions, such as
orientation and communication. They rely on sound to navigate and to find food,
friends and mating partners. When a sound, thousands of times more powerful
than a jet engine fills their ears, the results is fatal. This is the reality
that whales and other marine mammals in the Gulf of Guinea are facing because
of airguns used for oil and gas exploration.<span style="background: white;">
According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a New York
City-based non-profit international environmental advocacy group, there is
no question that sonar injures and kills whales. The case of oil and gas
exploration leading to overwhelming whale deaths is not endemic to the Gulf of
Guinea. Similar cases have occurred in the Canary Islands, Greece, Madeira, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, Hawaii and other sites around the globe. Like their
counterparts in many countries that have experienced this negative phenomenon,
the Ghanaian government agencies responsible for curtailing this ongoing
disaster has claimed there are no</span> <span style="background: white;">empirical
basis to establish a link between the death of the whales and oil production.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">It
has become obvious that the mitigation measures proposed by the impact
assessment can no longer be relied upon. There is therefore the urgent need for
stakeholders to go back to the drawing board in order to formulate better guidelines.
Of course, it is impossible to wake up to this reality with the current posture of the agencies responsible for curtailing this disaster. The government agency must come out of this insincere ignorance and join
the growing international consensus that ocean noise presents a significant
threat to marine mammals and other marine species.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Notwithstanding
the negative press the oil and gas industry has made on countless occasions; it
is one industry that has spearheaded breakthroughs in technology and research.
It has created wealth in many countries and improved the lives of many,
especially in those nations where the oil and gas wealth is well managed. Talk
about research and technology; it is one industry that invests billions of
dollars in that area. Nevertheless the industry has to take responsibility
for the harm being caused to the environment, it is a fact that some of these
environmental issues are inevitable but the industry has to do its best to
manage and bring down these disasters to a minimum. One fact worth noting is
that these companies are also interested in the welfare of the nations in which
they operate <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">There
are numerous relevant international regulations that relate to the growing
international consensus that ocean noise presents a significant threat to
marine mammals and other marine species and must be addressed. The 1982 United
Nations convention of the law of the sea establishes a globally recognized
regime dealing with all matters relating to the use of the oceans and seas and
their resources. The UNCLOS assigns the fundamental obligation and
responsibility for protecting and preserving the marine environment to States,
and requires them to adopt and enforce national laws and international
standards to prevent, reduce and control ocean pollution from any source. The
UNCLOS defines Pollution to include harmful energy, and thus encompasses noise
pollution within its mandates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Also
in November 2004, the IUCN-World Conservation Union adopted a comprehensive resolution
calling for action by states to reduce the impacts of ocean noise on marine
life, which was adopted by consensus. The IUCN is the world’s leading body for
conservation policy, consisting of over 70 national governments and more than
400 non-governmental organizations, and the decisions it takes at its
quadrennial meetings set the global agenda for conservation over the next four
years. The 2004 Resolution recognizes undersea noise as a form of pollution;
calls on states to avoid the use of intense noise sources in the habitat of
vulnerable species or where marine mammals and endangered species may be
concentrated; and urges states to work through the United Nations Convention on
the Law of the Sea to develop mechanisms for the control of this emergent
problem. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Expects have found three
main methods in comparative review of Marine mammals mitigation guidelines in
oil and gas industry seismic surveys internationally. The three main methods
currently used to mitigate the potential impacts on marine mammals during
seismic surveys are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (1) Implementation of operational procedures
(e.g., ‘soft start’—where sound levels are gradually increased over time);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (2) Detection of animals close to airguns and
implementation of real-time mitigation measures (e.g., shut-down),<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> (3) Time/area planning of surveys to avoid
marine mammals. Detection of animals via real-time monitoring which is not a
mitigation measure per se, but an essential component of marine mammal
mitigation during seismic surveys </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">(Weir
and Dolman 2007).</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4IRI6Y4otD7iyfL0oiEHxpFFFinOjG_vLdG20tiXWtAknI1f-_-lm8Oc6BHpmaRPVKWIMPHez76yrxhbroUKKYw8ZK6ZB3z6hBSi9h8XEyMOXC_R2heeS_Y5ybvPs6Ihg5HlCpUXCXDx0/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4IRI6Y4otD7iyfL0oiEHxpFFFinOjG_vLdG20tiXWtAknI1f-_-lm8Oc6BHpmaRPVKWIMPHez76yrxhbroUKKYw8ZK6ZB3z6hBSi9h8XEyMOXC_R2heeS_Y5ybvPs6Ihg5HlCpUXCXDx0/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Many mitigating guidelines
propose stringent procedures within sensitive areas and suggest planning
surveys to avoid sensitive times/areas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In
practical terms, regulatory approaches in line with oil and gas industry
procedures may include complete closure of some areas, seasonal restrictions on
operations, or limiting operations to daylight hours with visibility suitable
for spotting marine mammals. In addition, the services of professional marine
mammal specialists may be required and passive acoustic monitoring techniques
may be needed to replace what is currently in use (Weir and Dolman 2007).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWLIn6cje-uRUDGg9KzJOlyiH0jrA5v3En7Q98CMLgoTdfyog6rwas8OGHzDmSE0aIDYG-xvol8Nj-QgL7G9JzJyQmly8VVc9DPkqaQFi6u05ARw7I_BEMMCtsqnk26_R3viV6vbsW9Km0/s1600/noisedolphin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWLIn6cje-uRUDGg9KzJOlyiH0jrA5v3En7Q98CMLgoTdfyog6rwas8OGHzDmSE0aIDYG-xvol8Nj-QgL7G9JzJyQmly8VVc9DPkqaQFi6u05ARw7I_BEMMCtsqnk26_R3viV6vbsW9Km0/s320/noisedolphin.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Brazil is a typical example
among many regions where seismic survey closed seasons is clearly defined and
implemented. Prohibited areas exist for breeding (July–November) and nesting
areas for marine turtles (October–February). Some areas are permanently closed
due to their highly sensitive nature. This is reported in Brazilian
Environmental Licensing Guide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In proffering a realistic antidote to
the deaths of the marine mammals t</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">he Fisheries Commission,
Environmental Protection Agency and other regulatory agencies should join the </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">growing international consensus that ocean noise
presents a significant threat to marine mammals and other marine species and
hence accept that there are enough evidence to the fact that the surge in whale
deaths in Ghanaian waters is as a result of oil and gas exploration. This is a <i>sine qua non</i> to any attempt of
mitigation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #4b4f4f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">References <o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="background: white; color: #4b4f4f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Spence,
J. 2007. A Summary of Existing and Future Potential Treatments for Reducing
Underwater Sounds from Oil and Gas Industry Activities. <i>Proceedings </i>OCEANS
2007 MTS/IEEE Vancouver Conference & Exhibition, 2–4 October 2007.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Streever,
Bill. 2007. <i>Green Seduction: Money, Business, and the Environment. </i>Jackson,
Mississippi: University of Mississippi Press, 210pp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Weir,
C.R. and Dolman, S. J. 2007. Comparative Review of the Regional
Marine Mammal Mitigation Guidelines Implemented during Industrial Seismic
Surveys, and Guidance towards a Worldwide Standard. <i>Journal of International
Wildlife Law and Policy </i><b>10</b>: 1–27.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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OFOSU<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="mailto:blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt;">+141
67435319<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-68264567064042740602013-10-19T18:23:00.002+01:002013-10-19T18:23:53.071+01:00UNDERWATER LOGGING: THE CASE OF GHANA’S VOLTA LAKE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja7pYBCgn0yMPxgiyw4KRDJ4yrucdCRzRrUACo38G2O3U-fuIYgDLIIESie3ikyOWv5e-WWgT4ZOUhtCBoB8ot1fAZSarAkJcivEE3g7XjaUkeMfBl1VLs4MNBlmahKMNY5A0Uz2GDuSbm/s1600/e2bf3b11df0b872112757f1c2fee6e32_L.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja7pYBCgn0yMPxgiyw4KRDJ4yrucdCRzRrUACo38G2O3U-fuIYgDLIIESie3ikyOWv5e-WWgT4ZOUhtCBoB8ot1fAZSarAkJcivEE3g7XjaUkeMfBl1VLs4MNBlmahKMNY5A0Uz2GDuSbm/s320/e2bf3b11df0b872112757f1c2fee6e32_L.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.1pt; margin-bottom: 16.8pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In times when the timber industry is
plagued with unsteady prices and the challenges of dwindling forest resources
is exacerbated by the woes of climate change, the value of a suitable
alternative has come to light: logs inundated through reservoirs creation for
decades and long presumed to have been lost.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.1pt; margin-bottom: 16.8pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Underwater logging is the process of
harvesting tree crop submerged due to activities such as artificial impoundment
of water. When artificial reservoirs and dams are built, large forests are
often inundated. Although the tress die the wood is often preserved. The trees
can then be felled using special underwater machinery and floated up to the
surface. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This activity can be quite profitable, since the prime
"targets" are decades-old trees of a size and species difficult or
impossible to find in their natural habitat. Underwater logging has been
introduced in selected locations around the world, including Ghana’s Volta<span class="apple-converted-space"> Lake, </span>the largest reservoir by surface area
in the world. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO_9JdF32Cph6jrOsakA1j1Eh2WXHxmkPfXDR3btl5sxlXQKG_vLJsa0PkIjxXduHwsbwupGtTUztwrzarQ19lJ3jUAE2Dmg_JCPC2QsE7trk5BtsDRQu8bHFOhr32O51OtKzYkehvmVsh/s1600/Volta+Lake+Tree+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO_9JdF32Cph6jrOsakA1j1Eh2WXHxmkPfXDR3btl5sxlXQKG_vLJsa0PkIjxXduHwsbwupGtTUztwrzarQ19lJ3jUAE2Dmg_JCPC2QsE7trk5BtsDRQu8bHFOhr32O51OtKzYkehvmVsh/s1600/Volta+Lake+Tree+2.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Volta Lake Tree</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">While no exact count of
these resources seems to exists globally, one estimate puts it at about 200
million trees, a global supply worth about $40 billion. According to a 2004
figures, some 35,000 square kilometers (13,500 square miles) of forest
worldwide have already been submerged by dams. These inundated resources have
been preserved by water and protected from rot and insect infestation. The
resulting high-quality timber is highly sought after the world over. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">It is estimated that timber resources worth 2.8 billion dollars are
locked up under the Volta Lake.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCu8ICKL1myQb5za7gZMU0DDXDJiiYjR40bhgrbj16MwcblTtCdkJ6RiagVOWZd2Hj91YcrOsjx_fHstZGN8VZlzdM7i_egU-ldzpVyWF1uRgzSozmcPExfhs9xHqwL79Z4b0ZCgr5JYv/s1600/Volta_river_black_white_red_descriptions.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNCu8ICKL1myQb5za7gZMU0DDXDJiiYjR40bhgrbj16MwcblTtCdkJ6RiagVOWZd2Hj91YcrOsjx_fHstZGN8VZlzdM7i_egU-ldzpVyWF1uRgzSozmcPExfhs9xHqwL79Z4b0ZCgr5JYv/s200/Volta_river_black_white_red_descriptions.PNG" width="163" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Volta Basin</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Since the creation of
the Volta Lake in 1964, the </span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">8,515 hectare
reservoir</span><span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">has
remained a major water transport system. Linking the country’s relatively more
developed south to it’s largely subsistence agrarian north. Submerged tree
stumps have over the years posed a serious threat to transportation on the lake
as several fatal boat disasters have been recorded.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Ghana has lost more than 33.7%
of forest cover since 1990 and has a rate of deforestation of 1.68% per annum
according to the Forest Resources Assessment conducted by the Food and
Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2010). The forestry sector
contributes 6% to national GDP, and wood exports are the fourth highest foreign
exchange source for the country. The Forestry Commission of Ghana (2010) claims
that drivers of deforestation can be mainly attributed to agricultural
expansion (which contributes to 50%), harvesting of wood (35%), population and
development pressure (10%) and mining (5%).<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-kf_CDZTzqA0kuK_Hbnte7aobNO4ZJkekGOY0TBy514Jj-L_FluQo8ZsmlUSVNFbryBTasl2wO6GhMKYtaC07fhtRzl8UlM2X0wMZOnOFs9dtbRw0r1uBXvzorBcImKOoedly4_8l_nf/s1600/tbi-euchainsaw.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA-kf_CDZTzqA0kuK_Hbnte7aobNO4ZJkekGOY0TBy514Jj-L_FluQo8ZsmlUSVNFbryBTasl2wO6GhMKYtaC07fhtRzl8UlM2X0wMZOnOFs9dtbRw0r1uBXvzorBcImKOoedly4_8l_nf/s320/tbi-euchainsaw.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Illegal Lumbering : Picture by TBI Ghana</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Falling volumes in
timber in Ghana, coupled with rise in illegal lumbering, has compelled the former
net timber exporter to import to augment demand of the industry. The t</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">ropical forests of Ghana contain a wide range of timber species
suitable for the construction industry, decking, flooring, panels and builder's
woodwork. The country brings to the market place legal timber species that have
such attributes of intriguing grain structures, broad color palette and natural
durability fit for all architectural designs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Inventory conducted using high resolution sonar -- a
technology used to locate objects underwater -- has identified some 100 species
of trees, including sought-after hardwoods buried in the lake bed. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Logging of rot-resistant hardwoods such as Ebony, Odum, Sapele, Mahogany,
and Wawa among others will reduce pressure on Ghana’s forest. </span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34apn43LT3AP40fc41GQUp0y37Hxxo5JxMWBDs1BjnV4rbkzxUf3ODqZIPh99YzoUbE78E0h7n4w-KB_qx5b-OYgKRctAoP44FvrXmNRuegcATspYQaI9zv_i2P_PImtq1aT4VgK6QV6r/s1600/pollution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34apn43LT3AP40fc41GQUp0y37Hxxo5JxMWBDs1BjnV4rbkzxUf3ODqZIPh99YzoUbE78E0h7n4w-KB_qx5b-OYgKRctAoP44FvrXmNRuegcATspYQaI9zv_i2P_PImtq1aT4VgK6QV6r/s200/pollution.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;">Deforestation of
tropical forests accounts for about 17% of global carbon dioxide emission. A
failure to address this source of emission will significantly compromise global
efforts to tackle climate change. Ghana’s forests contain 381 million metric
tons of carbon in living forest biomass.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;">This
harvesting of submerged timber is the first of its kind in Africa. The venture
which is being executed by </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;">Vancouver-based
experts, Clark Sustainable Resource Developments (CSRD)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;"> is
expected to help fight global climate change by sparing the living trees that
are needed to absorb carbon. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4pt; text-align: justify;">In addition to adding to global efforts in mitigation
climate change by retaining forest cover that serves as carbon sink, the
initiative will enhance river transport; reduce accidents, and frequent loss of
life on the lake while creating employment opportunities for the youth. The
venture should rake in some 100 million dollars yearly in foreign exchange and
create 1,400 new jobs in the country.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">ENOCH
OFOSU<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 4.8pt 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4pt;">WATER
RESOURCES <o:p></o:p></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">SPECIALIST</span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><a href="mailto:blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk">blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-26203702516014458542013-10-18T12:55:00.001+01:002013-10-19T19:32:51.381+01:00Whale deaths and Oil Exploration in Ghana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MhxypsisN8BxjrdM6wXwTPOxGcwl2UfTyxVklzhGQbV-jgjOZHSquweonsH1Wu5HOYt14kFIm2Lmyyddfv7hnFLYKTUlYrAzqUFUXYruFCpQzltvm2o2l7arjDnFubb81Qlm64qCzaA_/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1MhxypsisN8BxjrdM6wXwTPOxGcwl2UfTyxVklzhGQbV-jgjOZHSquweonsH1Wu5HOYt14kFIm2Lmyyddfv7hnFLYKTUlYrAzqUFUXYruFCpQzltvm2o2l7arjDnFubb81Qlm64qCzaA_/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A whale dead and washed ashore in Ghana</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><b><i>The surge in the death of marine mammals,
particularly whales, should serve as a wake-up call because it signals the
gradual breakdown of sustainability of the marine ecosystem and if not
unraveled would result in a negative outcome for biodiversity, livelihoods and
food security.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The situation at hand far exceeds the
predictions of the environmental impact assessment of the Jubilee field. The
impact assessment predicted minor residual impacts on marine mammals and
propose</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">d some measures to counter the effect.</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> According to residence whale
deaths were averagely encountered once in every five years</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> but with the advent of oil exploration </span><span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">eleven (11) whales were reported within three years
(2007-2010) to have died and washed ashore in the Western Region alone and
recently four more have been discovered ashore within a week.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Around the world, energy companies are
exploring for oil and gas using seismic airguns in sensitive, wildlife filled
waters. </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The issue about seismic air guns in oil exploration is that the
sound waves which extend for hundreds of miles bounce off the ocean floor and
indicate likely areas for oil. It is </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">the most severe acoustic insult to
the marine environment short of naval warfare. This sonic barrage can interfere
with a whale’s ability to feed, breed, navigate, communicate and avoid
predators — in short, to survive.</span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If a whale goes deaf, it can’t survive. And repeated
blasts (100,000 times stronger than a jet engine) can impair hearing easily.
The blasts can drive whales to abandon their habitats, go silent and cease
foraging over vast areas. It can cause permanent hearing loss, injury and death
for whales.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9r3xQh_j-mXcVWNs4NBatG0rHd72oCTMEVna_gDsWlNUWlYfh4io1sK-x74VUktCTj5HPWbgqNvCxQ8W33tUusqJtI0rGoc9xRZ-FHcU8VpK-bFnTos2Nrnr6_G6vqs6EdKtb6Q_rOm1X/s1600/seismic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9r3xQh_j-mXcVWNs4NBatG0rHd72oCTMEVna_gDsWlNUWlYfh4io1sK-x74VUktCTj5HPWbgqNvCxQ8W33tUusqJtI0rGoc9xRZ-FHcU8VpK-bFnTos2Nrnr6_G6vqs6EdKtb6Q_rOm1X/s320/seismic.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">An animated illustration of the use of seismic air gun </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The death of the mammals coincides with
the commencement of oil extraction and has followed trends with oil exploration
around the world. Like their counterparts in many countries that have
experienced this negative phenomenon the government agencies responsible for
curtailing this ongoing disaster has claimed there are no</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">empirical basis to establish a link between the death of the
whales and oil production.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHVUCm0oajVTeF6b-GcC7b1oomeTBVUFTBvN2_QR2kYU1JQm_YQ2YDmR2aBzlP7-C3iiDmbAzKo73Lx-JCHul7w_29lE3cdCRi2Q6B84gNsz_FchSaDL4SgHSZ6RH_zSN_pq9QCWUfBvxv/s1600/sperm_whale_oil_exploration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHVUCm0oajVTeF6b-GcC7b1oomeTBVUFTBvN2_QR2kYU1JQm_YQ2YDmR2aBzlP7-C3iiDmbAzKo73Lx-JCHul7w_29lE3cdCRi2Q6B84gNsz_FchSaDL4SgHSZ6RH_zSN_pq9QCWUfBvxv/s1600/sperm_whale_oil_exploration.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oil exploration has a direct impact on marine mammals</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">According to </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Cambria, serif;">Natural Resources
Defense Council</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Cambria, serif;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Cambria, serif;">(NRDC)</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"> there is no question that
sonar injures and kills whales. </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Evidence of the danger caused by these
systems surfaced dramatically in 2000, when whales of four different species
stranded themselves on beaches in the Bahamas. Although the Navy initially
denied responsibility, the US government's investigation established that
mid-frequency sonar caused the stranding. After the incident, the area's
population of whales nearly disappeared, leading researchers to conclude that
they either abandoned their habitat or died at sea. Similar cases have occurred
in the Canary Islands, Greece, Madeira, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Hawaii and
other sites around the globe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbJvVdfc2vNJ8s7Rb1NxPN58jN7dAvslmc8hl66KfmCQwcStZI9ThrdDOnsJCEMTRQ2pWd80adxup04Hm8W8bFqeCve2lvYIyKjP9F_pV3MR67QBUVCdntlqGeGTPJ1QGiQJozQpg8aOqo/s1600/sunday-on-the-beach.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbJvVdfc2vNJ8s7Rb1NxPN58jN7dAvslmc8hl66KfmCQwcStZI9ThrdDOnsJCEMTRQ2pWd80adxup04Hm8W8bFqeCve2lvYIyKjP9F_pV3MR67QBUVCdntlqGeGTPJ1QGiQJozQpg8aOqo/s200/sunday-on-the-beach.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Massive seam mammal deaths as a result of oil exploration </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If my argument makes sense, then we have
clearly made our choice. We cannot hide behind the curtain of ignorance and
claim we know not the cause of the impending extinction of this vital species
in our ecosystem. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Enoch Ofosu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Water Resources Specialist<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #c0504d; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2;">blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-63453048008814558462013-07-19T16:24:00.000+01:002013-07-19T16:24:06.806+01:00JOB VACANCY FOR WASH IN EMERGENCY (WinE) in GHANA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 19px;">JOB VACANCY FOR WASH IN EMERGENCY (WinE) in GHANA</span></h1>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Technical Assistance for WASH in Emergency Cluster Coordination and Capacity Building for Coordination, Planning and response</span></h1>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Based in Accra, Ghana<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Summary / Terms of Reference </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">UNICEF, Ghana</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Terms of Reference</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Reference: Activity No. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">38.2 – WASH AWP (2012 – 2013)</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Purpose</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">To build capacity for Cluster Coordination and improved WASH in Emergency (WinE) Co-ordination, Planning and Response at National and Regional Level<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Expected fee<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">To be determined (International Consultant)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Location<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Accra with occasional travel to regional level – mainly 5 focus regions (Central, Northern, Upper East, Upper West and Volta Regions), and Districts yet to be confirmed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Duration<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">6 months<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Start Date<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1 August 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Reporting to<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Chief of WASH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Background<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">In recent years, many of the focus districts of the GoG –UNICEF WASH programme, especially in the 3 Northern regions have experienced alternate occurrences of droughts and flash flooding. Recent trends in the micro-climate in these areas, and in indeed, across the West African sub-region suggest that this state of affairs may become more regular, if not more severe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">The poor sanitation conditions in major cities across the country have also led to frequent, almost annual cholera outbreaks, which have claimed more than 100 lives between January 2011 and April 2012.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">These unfortunate events, coupled with the existence of isolated security flash points, due to ethnic/ chieftaincy disputes, as well as, the occasional influx of refugees from neighbouring West African States, require prompt, well-coordinated, and effective response in the area of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), in order to avert further suffering of displaced persons, especially women, children, the aged and other vulnerable groups.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Justification<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">The National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) is mandated to lead any disaster related emergency at the national, regional and district levels, with co-ordination support from the appropriate local government structures i.e. Regional Security Committees (RegSec’s) and District Security Committees (DiSec’s).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Typically, the co-ordinating bodies at the regional and district levels draw on the expertise of sector agencies and decentralised departments, to address specific concerns within the emergency response related to their areas of expertise.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Thus, a formal structure exists within the regional and district administrations to mobilise resources and specialised support for specific emergency/ disaster related efforts and co-ordination, including in response in the area of WASH. The structure at the national level, however, is unclear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Currently, the capacity for the effective co-ordination of emergency response and planning is low within the sector, particularly within the lead statutory agencies. This state of affairs has often led to late and dis-jointed response initiatives, which are ineffective and inefficient. The lack of capacity also often places an inordinate responsibility on development partners in leading response initiatives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Lessons from recent flooding events and cholera outbreaks (2007 -2010), suggest that specialised capacity for effective WASH response coordination and implementation during emergencies, needs to be further enhanced, both at the national and regional levels. This will provide direction for more effective response at the district levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">In 2012, UNICEF provided technical assistance for an initiative to define mechanisms for coordination of WASH in Emergency at national and sub-national level, and to build critical capacity for more effective planning, response and coordination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">This assignment is based on the recommendations made from that assignment, and is aimed specifically, at providing support for cluster coordination and developing related WinE capacity, including:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Emergency assessments/ appraisal methodologies;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Identification key / priority actions, in line with Standards, Ethics and Best practices;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Response planning and co-ordination, including initial response and transition into programmatic response for sustainability; and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Monitoring and Evaluation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Objective<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">This assignment is aimed at building sustainable national and regional level capacity on the WASH aspects of emergency management, particularly in terms of the most likely events, in the areas including the above identified, and to facilitate understanding of the cluster approach. Particularly, it is aimed at building capacity in WASH cluster coordination within the lead Ministries and training of core WinE teams at the national and regional levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The specific objectives of the exercise are as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Capacity for the effective coordination of the newly constituted National WinE technical Working Group/ Cluster coordination capacity built within 2 sector lead Ministries through mentorship and coaching programme.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Core national and regional WASH experts (WinE Teams) trained in the management of emergencies including rapid assessments, co-ordination, information management, planning and implementation of key WASH interventions, primarily, in the Central, Northern, Upper East, and Upper West Regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Specific Tasks<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The major activities to be carried out would include, but would not be limited to, the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Provision of technical assistance for the establishment of the WASH cluster coordination and MIS functions within the Water Directorate (MWRWH) and the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (MLGRD). This would essentially involve the adoption of a consultative process to:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Identify and designate one of the lead Ministries as the Secretariat to facilitate the activities of the national WinE technical Working Group (and therefore WASH cluster coordination)<a href="file:///C:/Users/toshiba/Downloads/TOR%20WinE%20Capacity%20Building.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 11pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a>, through a consultative process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Coach and mentor designated officers within the 2 lead Ministries, as acting Cluster Coordinator, in WASH cluster coordination, and the management of information in emergencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Organisation of training workshops at national and regional level for core expert teams (WinE Teams) on the identified areas, which would factor in lessons from previous emergency experiences. The training sessions will also facilitate a working understanding of the Cluster Mechanism, and key roles and functions within the mechanism. The training, which will cover all 10 regions of the country will be held as three (3) zonal sessions for the Southern, Middle and Northern Belts as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Southern – Western Region, Central Region, Greater Accra Region, Volta Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Middle – Eastern Region, Ashanti Region, Brong Ahafo Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Northern – Northern Upper East Region, Upper West Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The training workshops will be organized by the two sector lead ministries i.e. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH and Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Working sessions with sector groups and experts to enhance the functionality of the WASH co-ordination structures/ arrangements at the national and regional levels including an effective Information Management System.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">These activities should be scheduled logically to achieve the set objectives, based on exigencies on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Expected Deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">It is expected that the assignment will span over six (6) calendar months (including reporting). Th</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">e minimum outputs expected from the assignment include the following;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Designation of main and back-up WASH cluster coordination functions among the 2 lead Ministries and setting up of Secretariat for national WinE technical Working Group, through a consultative process, assessment of existing capacity for effective management of the secretariat’s functions, and development of an appropriate capacity enhancement plan (factoring in this assignment) <i>(by the end of Month 1)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Capacity building of main actor of the lead Ministries through coaching and mentorship programme <i>(by the end of Month 6) including</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Key coordination, planning and response roles and responsibilities; and mechanisms for alert systems, planning, co-ordination and fund raising.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Establishment and management of Information Management Systems based on existing systems within the sector, as far as practicable (at least, development of framework, identifying applicable tools and systems).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Training of national and regional level WinE Teams <i>(by the end of Month 4)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Output reporting will include Monthly Progress Reports and specific reports on the national and regional WinE training sessions. The Final Assignment Report shall be submitted to the Chief of WASH in hard, as well as electronic format by the end of the fourth month. The raw data shall be delivered on a CD along with coding where necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Summary of Tasks and Deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Task<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Deliverable<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Time Frame<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Designation of main and back-up WASH cluster coordination functions/ technical Assistance for setting up functions of National WinE Technical Working Group among the 2 lead Ministries through a consultative process.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Monthly Progress Reports. Report for month 1 should capture the role arrangement i.e. main and back-up cluster coordination functions between 2 lead Ministries</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Months 1 - 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Organisation of training workshops at national and regional level for WinE Teams on the identified areas. The training sessions will essentially facilitate a working understanding of the Cluster Mechanism, and key roles and functions within the mechanism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Training of WinE Teams at national level and in the Central, Northern, Upper East, Upper West and Volta Regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">By Month 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Capacity building of main actor of the lead Ministries through coaching and mentorship programme:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Key coordination, planning, co-ordination and response roles and responsibilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Establishment and management of Information Management Systems based on existing systems within the sector, as far as practicable.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">WinE Secretariat set up within lead Ministries set up with adequate capacity for cluster coordination and emergency information management<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">By Month 6<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Final Assignment Report</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 18px;">6 Months<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Reporting<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The specialist shall report directly to the Chief of WASH section, UNICEF, with copies to the Director, Water Directorate, Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH), and the Director, Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (EHSD) of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD). He shall also work in close collaboration with the Emergency focal Point for WinE, UNICEF- Ghana, and programme geographical area focal points, as well as, the Emergency focal points I the two lead Ministries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">He/ she shall provide a detailed Work Plan, outlining activities to be carried out for discussion with the Chief of WASH and the emergency focal person for the WASH section on the commencement of the assignment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Changes in the scope of work and output emanating from the working sessions with sector partners and statutory, which would significantly affect the output of the assignment or the resources required should be brought to the attention of the emergency focal person for WASH section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Key Collaborators<i> (List not exhaustive)<o:p></o:p></i></span></h2>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Key collaborating agencies will include national Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO), Water and Sanitation Sector Working Group, Water Directorate of the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH), Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) <i>(at national level and in the focus regions)</i>, Ghana Water Company (GWC), Ghana Urban Water Ltd. (GUWL)</span> <i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">(at national level and in the focus regions)</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">, Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (EHSD) of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation (CONIWAS), WaterAid, Plan Ghana, CoCRWDP, New Energy, Rural Aid, Pronet South, Pronet –North, Afram Plains Development Organisation (APDO).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">Payment Terms<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Payment in respect of the exercise will be effected as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">20% of the fees for the assignment will be paid on submission of the 1<sup>st</sup> Monthly Report<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A Further 30% will be paid on submission of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Monthly Report (at the end of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Month).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The final 20% will be paid on the finalisation and approval of the Final Report.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Expected background and Experience<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The specialist must have:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Advanced university degree – An advanced university degree in Water and Sanitation/ Civil Engineering, Public Health, Project Management, Sociology or any WASH/ Programme/ Emergency Management related discipline.</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A minimum of 10years post qualification experience in emergency prevention and response management, particularly in relation to the WASH sector and/or Public Health.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Experience in capacity building for WASH in Emergencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">A good working knowledge of the cluster approach, and experience in the design, implementation and management of related systems would be a clear added advantage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Fluency in writing, reading and speaking English.</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Strong track record in relating and networking and analytical skills.</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Ability to operate computer Microsoft office programs (MS Word, Excel, Power Point and Access), is essential.</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">General Conditions</span></b><b><span style="color: #993366; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">: Procedures and Logistics<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">The consultant will work from the UNICEF office in Accra, with limited office support. In particular, the consultant will have her or his own computer facilities and transport facilities for commuting to office. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The assignment cost will include Professional Fees, and Daily Subsistence Allowances (DSAs). The consultant will also be entitled to DSA for travel outside Accra at the prevailing UN rates (estimated maximum 20 nights). Fees will be paid based on the achievement of the indicated deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">All equipment and logistics hiring requirements, however, should be discussed and cleared with the emergency focal person for WASH section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">The consultant should provide his/her stationery and office materials/ consumables – computer, data storage devices, paper etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">The consultant will have access to UNICEF transport along with UNICEF Security Radio when in the field on official travel Transportation will also be provided for official meetings (within official working hours) within Accra, based on prior notification.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">In case of air travel for any field missions the airfare and terminal expenses for the consultant’s flight will be paid by UNICEF.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Policy both parties should be aware of:</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Under the consultancy agreements, a month is defined as 21 working days, and fees are prorated accordingly. Consultants are not paid for weekends or public holidays.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Consultants are not entitled to payment of overtime. All remuneration must be within the contract agreement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">No contract may commence unless the contract is signed by both UNICEF and the consultant or Contractor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">For international consultants outside the duty station, signed contracts must be sent by fax or email. Signed contract copy or written agreement must be received by the office <b>before Travel Authorisation is issued.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">No consultant may travel without a signed travel authorisation prior to the commencement of the journey to the duty station.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px;">Unless authorised, UNICEF will buy the tickets of the consultant. In exceptional cases, the consultant may be authorised to buy their travel tickets and shall be reimbursed at the “most economical and direct route” but this must be agreed to beforehand. All travel will be in economy class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Consultants will not have supervisory responsibilities or authority on UNICEF budget.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Consultant will be required to sign the Health statement for consultants/Individual contractor prior to taking up the assignment, and to document that they have appropriate health insurance, (no medical evacuation since this consultancy is based in Accra).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The Form 'Designation, change or revocation of beneficiary' must be completed by the consultant upon arrival, at the HR Section.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">**** <b>Please consult with HR on entitlements as many are set by UNICEF rules.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><b>You may contact this page for further details via : blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk</b></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-13199759506644811202013-07-19T16:22:00.000+01:002013-07-19T16:22:07.620+01:00JOB VACANCY FOR WASH IN EMERGENCY (WinE) in GHANA [Technical Assistance for WASH in Emergency Cluster Coordination and Capacity Building for Coordination, Planning and response]<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 19px;">JOB VACANCY FOR WASH IN EMERGENCY (WinE) in GHANA</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Technical Assistance for WASH in Emergency Cluster Coordination and Capacity Building for Coordination, Planning and response</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Based in Accra, Ghana<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Summary / Terms of Reference </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;">UNICEF, Ghana</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Terms of Reference</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Reference: Activity No. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">38.2 – WASH AWP (2012 – 2013)</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Purpose</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">To
build capacity for Cluster Coordination and improved WASH in Emergency (WinE)
Co-ordination, Planning and Response at National and Regional Level<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Expected
fee <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">To be determined (International Consultant)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Location<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Accra with occasional
travel to regional level – mainly 5 focus regions (Central, Northern, Upper
East, Upper West and Volta Regions), and Districts yet to be confirmed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Duration<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">6 months<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Start
Date<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">1 August 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Reporting
to<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Chief of WASH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Background<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">In recent years, many of the focus districts of the GoG –UNICEF WASH
programme, especially in the 3 Northern regions have experienced alternate
occurrences of droughts and flash flooding. Recent trends in the micro-climate
in these areas, and in indeed, across the West African sub-region suggest that
this state of affairs may become more regular, if not more severe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">The poor sanitation conditions in major cities across the country have
also led to frequent, almost annual cholera outbreaks, which have claimed more
than 100 lives between January 2011 and April 2012.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">These unfortunate events, coupled with the existence of isolated
security flash points, due to ethnic/ chieftaincy disputes, as well as, the
occasional influx of refugees from neighbouring West African States, require
prompt, well-coordinated, and effective response in the area of Water,
Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), in order to avert further suffering of displaced
persons, especially women, children, the aged and other vulnerable groups.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Justification<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">The National Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO) is mandated to
lead any disaster related emergency at the national, regional and district
levels, with co-ordination support from the appropriate local government
structures i.e. Regional Security Committees (RegSec’s) and District Security
Committees (DiSec’s).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Typically, the co-ordinating bodies at the regional and district levels
draw on the expertise of sector agencies and decentralised departments, to
address specific concerns within the emergency response related to their areas
of expertise. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Thus, a formal structure exists within the regional and district
administrations to mobilise resources and specialised support for specific
emergency/ disaster related efforts and co-ordination, including in response in
the area of WASH. The structure at the national level, however, is unclear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Currently, the capacity for the effective co-ordination of emergency
response and planning is low within the sector, particularly within the lead
statutory agencies. This state of affairs has often led to late and dis-jointed
response initiatives, which are ineffective and inefficient. The lack of
capacity also often places an inordinate responsibility on development partners
in leading response initiatives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Lessons from recent flooding events and cholera outbreaks (2007 -2010),
suggest that specialised capacity for effective WASH response coordination and
implementation during emergencies, needs to be further enhanced, both at the
national and regional levels. This will provide direction for more effective
response at the district levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">In 2012, UNICEF provided technical assistance for an initiative to
define mechanisms for coordination of WASH in Emergency at national and
sub-national level, and to build critical capacity for more effective planning,
response and coordination.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">This assignment is based on the recommendations made from that
assignment, and is aimed specifically, at providing support for cluster
coordination and developing related WinE capacity, including:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Emergency assessments/ appraisal methodologies;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Identification key / priority actions, in line with
Standards, Ethics and Best practices;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Response planning and co-ordination, including
initial response and transition into programmatic response for sustainability;
and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%;">Monitoring and Evaluation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Objective<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">This assignment is aimed at building sustainable
national and regional level capacity on the WASH aspects of emergency
management, particularly in terms of the most likely events, in the areas
including the above identified, and to facilitate understanding of the cluster
approach. Particularly, it is aimed at building capacity in WASH cluster
coordination within the lead Ministries and training of core WinE teams at the
national and regional levels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The specific objectives of the exercise are as
follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Capacity for the effective coordination of the newly
constituted National WinE technical Working Group/ Cluster coordination
capacity built within 2 sector lead Ministries through mentorship and coaching
programme.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Core national and regional WASH experts (WinE Teams) trained
in the management of emergencies including rapid assessments, co-ordination,
information management, planning and implementation of key WASH interventions,
primarily, in the Central, Northern, Upper East, and Upper West Regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText">
<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Specific Tasks <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The major activities to be carried out
would include, but would not be limited to, the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Provision
of technical assistance for the establishment of the WASH cluster coordination
and MIS functions within the Water Directorate (MWRWH) and the Environmental
Health and Sanitation Directorate (MLGRD). This would essentially involve the
adoption of a consultative process to:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Identify
and designate one of the lead Ministries as the Secretariat to facilitate the
activities of the national WinE technical Working Group (and therefore WASH
cluster coordination)<a href="file:///C:/Users/toshiba/Downloads/TOR%20WinE%20Capacity%20Building.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
through a consultative process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Coach
and mentor designated officers within the 2 lead Ministries, as acting Cluster
Coordinator, in WASH cluster coordination, and the management of information in
emergencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Organisation
of training workshops at national and regional level for core expert teams (WinE
Teams) on the identified areas, which would factor in lessons from previous
emergency experiences. The training sessions will also facilitate a working
understanding of the Cluster Mechanism, and key roles and functions within the
mechanism. The training, which will cover all 10 regions of the country will be
held as three (3) zonal sessions for the Southern, Middle and Northern Belts as
follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Southern
– Western Region, Central Region, Greater Accra Region, Volta Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Middle
– Eastern Region, Ashanti Region, Brong Ahafo Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Northern
– Northern Upper East Region, Upper West Region<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">The training workshops will be organized
by the two sector lead ministries i.e. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Ministry
of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH and Ministry of Local Government
and Rural Development (MLGRD).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">Working
sessions with sector groups and experts to enhance the functionality of the WASH
co-ordination structures/ arrangements at the national and regional levels
including an effective Information Management System.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">These activities
should be scheduled logically to achieve the set objectives, based on
exigencies on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Expected Deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">It is expected that the assignment will
span over six (6) calendar months (including reporting). Th</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">e minimum outputs expected from the
assignment include the following;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: -53.3pt -.5in .25in 1.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Designation
of main and back-up WASH cluster coordination functions among the 2 lead
Ministries and setting up of Secretariat for national WinE technical Working
Group, through a consultative process, assessment of existing capacity for
effective management of the secretariat’s functions, and development of an
appropriate capacity enhancement plan (factoring in this assignment) <i>(by the end of Month 1)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Capacity
building of main actor of the lead Ministries through coaching and mentorship
programme <i>(by the end of Month 6)
including</i>:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Key
coordination, planning and response roles and responsibilities; and mechanisms
for alert systems, planning, co-ordination and fund raising.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 94.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: -53.3pt -.5in .25in 94.5pt 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Establishment
and management of Information Management Systems based on existing systems
within the sector, as far as practicable (at least, development of framework,
identifying applicable tools and systems).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Training
of national and regional level WinE Teams <i>(by
the end of Month 4)</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Output reporting will include Monthly Progress
Reports and specific reports on the national and regional WinE training
sessions. The Final Assignment Report shall be submitted to the Chief of WASH
in hard, as well as electronic format by the end of the fourth month. The raw
data shall be delivered on a CD along with coding where necessary.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Summary of Tasks and Deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Task<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Deliverable<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.25pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Time Frame<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 77.6pt; mso-prop-change: UNICEF 20120228T1250; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: none !msorm; border-bottom: none; border-left: solid black 1.0pt !msorm; border-left: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: solid black 1.0pt !msorm; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none !msorm; border-top: none; height: 77.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt !msorm; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.0pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Designation of
main and back-up WASH cluster coordination functions/ technical Assistance
for setting up functions of National WinE Technical Working Group among the 2
lead Ministries through a consultative process.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid black 1.0pt !msorm; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border: none !msorm; border: none; height: 77.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt !msorm; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 242.15pt;" valign="top" width="404">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -17.1pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Monthly Progress
Reports. Report for month 1 should capture the role arrangement i.e. main and
back-up cluster coordination functions
between 2 lead Ministries</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid black 1.0pt !msorm; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border: none !msorm; border: none; height: 77.6pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt !msorm; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt !msorm; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.25pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Months 1 - 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 122.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 122.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.0pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Organisation of
training workshops at national and regional level for WinE Teams on the
identified areas. The training sessions will essentially facilitate a working
understanding of the Cluster Mechanism, and key roles and functions within
the mechanism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; height: 122.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 242.15pt;" valign="top" width="404">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Training of WinE Teams at national level and in the Central, Northern,
Upper East, Upper West and Volta Regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; height: 122.1pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.25pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By Month 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 92.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 92.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.0pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Capacity building of main actor of the lead Ministries through coaching
and mentorship programme:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -13.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Key coordination, planning, co-ordination
and response roles and responsibilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 17.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -13.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Establishment and management of Information
Management Systems based on existing systems within the sector, as far as
practicable.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 92.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 242.15pt;" valign="top" width="404">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">WinE Secretariat set up within lead
Ministries set up with adequate capacity
for cluster coordination and emergency
information management<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 92.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.25pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By Month 6<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 84.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 242.15pt;" valign="top" width="404">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Final Assignment Report</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 153.0pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 242.15pt;" valign="top" width="404">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.25pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">6 Months<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Reporting<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The
specialist shall report directly to the Chief of WASH section, UNICEF, with
copies to the Director, Water Directorate, Ministry of Water Resources, Works
and Housing (MWRWH), and the Director, Environmental Health and Sanitation
Directorate (EHSD) of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
(MLGRD). He shall also work in close collaboration with the Emergency focal
Point for WinE, UNICEF- Ghana, and programme geographical area focal points, as
well as, the Emergency focal points I the two lead Ministries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">He/
she shall provide a detailed Work Plan, outlining activities to be carried out
for discussion with the Chief of WASH and the emergency focal person for the WASH
section on the commencement of the assignment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Changes
in the scope of work and output emanating from the working sessions with sector
partners and statutory, which would significantly affect the output of the
assignment or the resources required should be brought to the attention of the
emergency focal person for WASH section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Key Collaborators<i> (List not exhaustive)<o:p></o:p></i></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Key
collaborating agencies will include national Disaster Management Organisation (NADMO),
Water and Sanitation Sector Working Group, Water Directorate of the Ministry of
Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH), Community Water and Sanitation
Agency (CWSA) <i>(at national level and in
the focus regions)</i>, Ghana Water Company (GWC), Ghana Urban Water Ltd.
(GUWL)</span> <i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">(at national level and in the focus
regions)</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">,
Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (EHSD) of the Ministry of Local
Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), Coalition of NGOs in Water and
Sanitation (CONIWAS), WaterAid, Plan Ghana, CoCRWDP, New Energy, Rural Aid, Pronet
South, Pronet –North, Afram Plains Development Organisation (APDO).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Payment Terms<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Payment in respect of the exercise
will be effected as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">20%
of the fees for the assignment will be paid on submission of the 1<sup>st</sup>
Monthly Report<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">A
Further 30% will be paid on submission of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Monthly Report
(at the end of the 3<sup>rd</sup> Month).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">30%
of the cost of the assignment will be paid on submission of the 5<sup>th</sup>
Monthly Report (at the end of the 5<sup>th</sup> Month).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The
final 20% will be paid on the finalisation and approval of the Final
Report.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Expected background and Experience<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The specialist must have:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Advanced university degree – An advanced university
degree in Water and Sanitation/ Civil Engineering, Public Health, Project
Management, Sociology or any WASH/ Programme/ Emergency Management related
discipline.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -53.3pt -.5in list .25in left 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A
minimum of 10years post qualification experience in emergency prevention and
response management, particularly in relation to the WASH sector and/or Public
Health.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -53.3pt -.5in list .25in left 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Experience
in capacity building for WASH in Emergencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: -53.3pt -.5in list .25in left 1.0in 1.5in 2.0in 2.5in 3.0in 3.5in 4.0in 4.5in 5.0in 5.5in 6.0in 6.5in 7.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">A
good working knowledge of the cluster approach, and experience in the design,
implementation and management of related systems would be a clear added
advantage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Fluency in writing, reading and speaking English. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Strong track record in relating and networking and
analytical skills.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ability to operate computer Microsoft office
programs (MS Word, Excel, Power Point and Access), is essential.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #009cfd; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">General Conditions</span></b><b><span style="color: #993366; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">: Procedures and Logistics<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The consultant will work from the UNICEF office in Accra,
with limited office support. In particular, the consultant will have her or his
own computer facilities and transport facilities for commuting to office. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">The assignment cost will
include Professional Fees, and Daily Subsistence Allowances (DSAs). The
consultant will also be entitled to DSA for travel outside Accra at the
prevailing UN rates (estimated maximum 20 nights). Fees will be paid based on
the achievement of the indicated deliverables <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">All equipment and
logistics hiring requirements, however, should be discussed and cleared with
the emergency focal person for WASH section.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The consultant should provide his/her stationery and office materials/
consumables – computer, data storage devices, paper etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The consultant will have access to UNICEF transport along
with UNICEF Security Radio when in the field on official travel Transportation will also be provided for
official meetings (within official working hours) within Accra, based on prior
notification.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">In case of air travel for any field missions the airfare and
terminal expenses for the consultant’s flight will be paid by UNICEF.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h2>
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Policy both parties should be aware of:</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Under the consultancy agreements, a month is defined as 21
working days, and fees are prorated accordingly. Consultants are not paid for weekends or
public holidays.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Consultants are not entitled to payment of overtime. All remuneration must be within the contract
agreement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No contract may commence unless the contract is signed by
both UNICEF and the consultant or Contractor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">For international consultants outside the duty station,
signed contracts must be sent by fax or email.
Signed contract copy or written agreement must be received by the office
<b>before Travel Authorisation is issued.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">No consultant may travel without a signed travel
authorisation prior to the commencement of the journey to the duty station.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Unless authorised, UNICEF will buy the tickets of the
consultant. In exceptional cases, the
consultant may be authorised to buy their travel tickets and shall be
reimbursed at the “most economical and direct route” but this must be agreed to
beforehand. All travel will be in economy class.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Consultants will not
have supervisory responsibilities or authority on UNICEF budget.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Consultant will be required to sign the Health statement for consultants/Individual
contractor prior to taking up the assignment, and to document that they have
appropriate health insurance, (no medical evacuation since this
consultancy is based in Accra).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; layout-grid-mode: line;">The
Form 'Designation, change or revocation of beneficiary' must be completed by
the consultant upon arrival, at the HR Section.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">**** <b>Please consult with HR on
entitlements as many are set by UNICEF rules.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><b>You may contact this page for further details via : blessedenoch@yahoo.co.uk</b></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/toshiba/Downloads/TOR%20WinE%20Capacity%20Building.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt;"> The Other Directorate
will provide back-up support.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-84039644315443432852013-05-14T12:58:00.002+01:002013-05-14T12:58:27.412+01:00Consultancy Opportunity : Capacity Building Support to Ghana Urban Water Limited<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">TERMS OF REFERENCE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Capacity Building Support to GUWL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="" name="_Toc280437396"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Preface</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">WSUP is supporting GUWL in strengthening the
organization’s ability to deliver water supply services to low income urban
consumers. The benefits to the consumers will be more reliable, more affordable
and safer water services. The benefits to GUWL will be increased revenues as
well as improved operational performance through the reduction of non-revenue
water (NRW). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Specifically, WSUP is supporting GUWL in the
establishment of a Low Income Consumer (LIC) unit to be tasked with defining
and implementing policy and oversight in relation to water supply provision to
low income urban consumers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Objective of Assignment
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">This assignment will support
GUWL to plan the development of the Low Income Consumer (LIC) Unit. The
assignment targets WSUP’s Strategic Objective 2 (SO2), namely to strengthen
local and national institutional capacity for improving water, sanitation and
hygiene (WASH) services to the urban poor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Scope</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The work shall be undertaken by a local
Organisational Development consultant, who will be supported by periodic review
and advice from an international specialist in the same field (to be made
available by WSUP under a separate contract). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The work will be executed in close collaboration
with GUWL, and shall build upon their document “<i>Strengthening the capacity of GUWL to deliver water services to low
income communities” </i>(Faustina Boachie, January 2013).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Specifically, the Consultant shall support GUWL to:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Acquaint itself with international good
practice, by means of an organised study tour for up to 3 GUWL staff to an
established LIC Unit in Kampala, Uganda (to be funded by WSUP).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">By particular reference to Accra and Kumasi, document
a summary appreciation of the market for water services in low income urban
areas in Ghana, in terms of present and projected levels of demand, how
these are currently met and the costs per litre paid by low income
communities in obtaining sufficient water for their needs. The
appreciation should include an estimate of the financial impact of
ill-health caused when water needs are met from poor quality sources. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Identify the key constraints that are preventing
full service coverage to LIC and that can be addressed by GUWL<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Prepare terms of reference for the LIC Unit,
including:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Purpose and objectives;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Key strategies;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Alternative organisational structures,
including GUWL policy changes required to set up the unit in each case,
along with the implications for decision making processes and for working
with other departments across the organisation, for consideration and
selection by GUWL;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Resourcing plan for the preferred structure;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Performance assessment criteria;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Prepare specific job descriptions for the key
LIC posts;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Staff/team training and development needs, and
how these will be achieved<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">List of the key policies that GUWL needs to
develop relating to LIC services, e.g. connection policy and process,
customer services, financing of infrastructure, pricing, permitted service
models, contracting types and institutional arrangements, service
monitoring, LIC mapping and project coordination etc. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Prepare a budget for establishing and running
the LIC Unit for one year, and identify possible sources of funding;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Build on (i) and (iv) above to present the
case for setting up an LIC Unit, that
quantifies its running costs, the increase in business and revenue
that will accrue to GUWL, the reduction in unit costs for water paid by
low income consumers and the alleviated financial impacts of ill-health
caused by bad water;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Prepare a communication plan to disseminate the
LIC Unit business case, purpose and strategy internally in GUWL and
externally in the sector<a href="" name="_Toc280437399"><b><o:p></o:p></b></a></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Report<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Technical
approach and methodology</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">In addition to collaborating closely with GUWL and
taking into account their work to date on strengthening their capacity to
deliver water services to low income consumers, information shall be collated
from:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Document review, including</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> the review of
relevant institutional management and financial documents such as administrative
manuals, personnel manual, documentation on work processes, financial manuals,
budgets and financial statements, the GAMA project situational analysis,
international good practice in relation to establishing and maintaining LIC
units, and other documents relevant to the assignment. This will help understand the work context, and
prepare questions for the institutional review and financial planning, which
will be shared and finalized in the inception meeting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Inception meeting with LIC Manager to finalise the assignment methodology</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Interviews with
central and regional GUWL staff, representatives from consumers, other related
government agencies, development agencies and NGOs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Consultation
meetings and focus group discussions to supplement the data gathering process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The review
findings including the proposed institutional framework for the LIC unit and
its key objectives and strategies will be shared with the various levels of GUWL
including regional and central staff through holding seminars and workshops. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid; tab-stops: list .3in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<a href="" name="_Toc280437400"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></b></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">An interim report shall be produced within 6
weeks of commencement, setting out the results of steps (i), (ii) and (iii) a-c
above, to inform discussion of alternative organisational structures and thus
aid selection of a preferred model.</span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid; tab-stops: list .3in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid; tab-stops: list .3in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">A draft final report will
be produced 16 weeks after commencement, comprising:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">A description of the
work done, key findings and how adduced<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The business case,
first year budget and communication plan for the LIC Unit (items iv-vi
above)<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Complete terms of
reference for the LIC Unit, including all aspects identified in
(iii)a-(iii)g above<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Work plan and
timeline</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .3in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid; tab-stops: list .3in; text-indent: -.3in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Date for submitting proposals: 24 May 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Date for commencement of assignment 10 June 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Date for completion of assignment: 20 September 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Submission of
proposals<br />
</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Proposals for the
assignment must be submitted to the contacts below on or before May 24, 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Proposals must comprised
of a Technical and Financial proposal, with a detailed workplan defined in the
Technical proposal<b>.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Reporting</span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">In Ghana the
Consultant shall report to the WSUP Country Programme Manager, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="mailto:ibmusah@wsup.com"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">ibmusah@wsup.com</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"> and Faustina Boachie,</span> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"><a href="mailto:faustina.boachie@ghanawater.info">faustina.boachie@ghanawater.info</a>.The
Consultant will also liaise closely with the appointed person from GUWL. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-60679662950661756382013-05-14T12:56:00.000+01:002013-05-14T12:56:10.507+01:00Non- Revenue Water programme development - Consultancy Opportunity in the Ghana Water Sector <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">TERMS OF REFERENCE<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Non- Revenue Water programme
development<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Background<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Assisting Ghana
Urban Water Limited (GUWL) to improve services to low income urban consumers
(LIC) is a key element of the WSUP Ghana programme. WSUP will work under a
Professional Services Agreement with GUWL, which includes the demonstration of
effective LIC water service models, and development of technical capacity in
agreed areas of operations where GUWL identify a need and which impacts
positively on LIC services. WSUP is now in the process of working with GUWL to
formulate the capacity development programme. Non-revenue water (NRW) reduction
is an important component of this capacity development programme. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Aim</span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The aim of
this assignment is to identify </span><span lang="EN-GB">the current position of
GUWL with respect to NRW, and to support them in the development of a sustainable
programme to reduce NRW in their supply network.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> The assignment targets WSUP’s Strategic Objective 2 (SO2), namely to
strengthen local and national institutional capacity for improving water,
sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services to the urban poor.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Outline<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The first step
in developing an NRW reduction programme is to gain an understanding of the
current likely levels of NRW and how they are assessed, and of the capacity within
GUWL to develop and implement such a programme. A programme can then be
developed in consultation with GUWL that provides for more robust assessment of
NRW, identifies appropriate measures to reduce it, and sets out the data
gathering/management and institutional strengthening that are required for
sustainable implementation of the programme by GUWL. The programme should provide
for pilot areas for detailed NRW data collection, and should be phased to
provide for reviews and refinement as the work progresses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The work will
be led by an international NRW specialist supported by local expertise, both
funded by WSUP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The programme should
recognize that support for NRW reduction may also be available from other
sources, and consider effective and appropriate ways of integrating such
support with WSUP’s own inputs to the process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Scope<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The work
comprises three phases as described below.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Phase 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The Consultant
will:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Obtain an appreciation of the WSUP Ghana programme and
GUWL’s water supply operations;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Obtain an understanding of the current issues and
levels of NRW and illegal water loss through discussions with GUWL, including
their means of measuring water produced, distributed and delivered to
customers, billing records, customer databases and other relevant data;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Through discussion with GUWL, assess the current
technical capacity within the organisation to develop and implement an
effective and sustainable NRW reduction strategy;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Design and deliver to operational managers a one-week
course on assessing and controlling NRW, to include a day on site;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Prepare Phase 1 report.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Phase 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The Consultant
will:</span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Consider options
for improving the quality of water flow measurement and other relevant
data sufficiently to inform an effective NRW reduction strategy and, in
discussion with GUWL, identify those that are likely to be most
appropriate, sustainable and cost-effective;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">In consultation with GUWL, identify and assess
alternative selections of short, medium and long-term measures to reduce
NRW, and identify a preferred programme;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Discuss and agree the institutional arrangements and capacity
building support needed by GUWL to implement the identified programme of
NRW reduction measures, and sustain effective focus by GUWL on NRW
management into the future;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">In discussion with GUWL, identify other potential
sources of external support to the NRW reduction programme and consider
how these may be integrated effectively into programme implementation; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Discuss recommendations with senior management of GUWL
to verify support for the plan;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Prepare Phase 2 report. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Phase 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The Consultant
will:</span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">With GUWL, identify two pilot areas (one each in Accra
and Kumasi) for interventions to improve NRW quantification and reduction
to the benefit of water supplies to LICs, and specify the related programmes of work;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Support the procurement and installation of hardware
(flowmeters etc) and related infrastructure to implement these pilot
interventions;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Assist GUWL in the implementation of the pilot
interventions, including baseline NRW assessment, monitoring, analysis and
interpretation of results, and determination/implementation of follow-up
actions where appropriate;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="i">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Prepare Phase 3 report.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Deliverables<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Phase 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">A report that
sets out clearly: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">the current
situation in relation to NRW in GUWL, including strengths and weaknesses in
flow measurement (water accounting), leakage control, illegal connections,
billing, revenue collection and other relevant data; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">the
implications of this situation for GUWL as a business, in terms of volume of
water produced but not delivered, lost revenue and improvements to customer
service that could be achieved by reducing NRW;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">an assessment
of the institutional and technical capacity of the organization to deliver an
effective and sustainable NRW reduction programme, and how this may be
improved;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Development
and </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">delivery to operational managers of a
one-week course on assessing and controlling NRW, to include a day on site and
documentation (course content, attendees etc).</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Phase 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">An Options Report,
that compares alternative data gathering improvement, technical capacity
building and institutional enhancement strategies and their implications for
GUWL, and how they may be built into short, medium and long-term sustainable
NRW reduction programmes, with recommendations;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">A Final
Report, that sets out the preferred strategy as agreed with and supported by GUWL,
including how it will be implemented, sustained and funded.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Phase 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Formal
proposal for interventions and work programmes </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">to improve NRW quantification and reduction</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"> in two pilot areas (one each in
Accra and Kumasi) agreed between WSUP and GUWL;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"> Support given to GUWL in collection of
relevant base data for the pilot areas, and the procurement and installation of
infrastructure required to underpin the interventions;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Support given
to GUWL with the collection, analysis and interpretation of data collected from
the installed NRW infrastructure, and determination/implementation of follow-up
actions where appropriate;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">A report
detailing the scope and effectiveness of the interventions, the lessons learned
and implications for scale-up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">The consultant should expect to be
asked to respond to one round of comments on the draft report at the end of
each phase, before finalization. The approval of the report will be by the WSUP
Programme Director following consultation with GUWL. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="" name="_Toc280437400"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Work
plan and timeline</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proposal
submission 24 May 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 1
commencement 29 May 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 1
completion 24 July 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 2
commencement 8 August 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 2
completion 19 September 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 3
commencement 26
August 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 3,
components (i) & (ii) completion 22 November 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phase 3,
components (iii) & (iv) completion 30
June 2014<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Note the
overlap between the completion of a phase and the commencement of its
successor; this reflects client review time for reports.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Submission of proposals<br />
</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proposals
for the assignment must be submitted to the contacts below on or before May 24,
2013.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proposals must be comprised of a
Technical and Financial proposal, with a detailed workplan defined in the
Technical proposal<b>.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">Reporting<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">In Ghana the
Consultant shall report to the WSUP Country Programme Manager, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="mailto:ibmusah@wsup.com"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">ibmusah@wsup.com</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;"> and Faustina Boachie,</span> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu;">faustina.boachie@ghanawater.info. The Consultant will also liaise closely with
the appointed person from GUWL. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-17292462634840082852013-05-14T12:41:00.002+01:002013-05-14T12:41:56.516+01:00VACANCIES IN THE Ghana Water Sector : JOB TITLE: Head of Programmes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">JOB TITLE: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Head of Programmes <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">REPORTING: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Country Representative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">LOCATION:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Accra, Ghana<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">KEY WORKING
RELATIONSHIPS: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Country
Representative, Senior Management Team, Partners, LGA’s, WA West Africa
Regional Team, WA UK and member countries, Government, and Donors, among others<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The Head of
Programmes (HOP) will strategically manage programmes delivery according to
WaterAid’s overall vision and goals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Key
Responsibilities<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Lead the
strategic planning and management of programme delivery according to
WaterAid’s overall vision and goals. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Spearhead the
design, monitoring and implementation of projects, contracts, and manage
Partnership relations. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ensure effective
operational planning and budget setting and efficient use of the Country
Programme funds, with close attention to continuously improving return on
fundraising investment, full cost recovery, and minimizing risks. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Management of
donor contracts, programme and project activities and reports are
delivered on time and of high quality using Performance monitoring &
evaluation tools.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Develop
and mentor Programme support staff to deliver high quality programmes and
projects.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ensure
development of systems for planning, implementation and review of programme operations and efficient
operation of programme teams in Accra and Tamale <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Develop and nurture good relations with WAG development partners,
government institutions, traditional institutions and the communities that
WAG operates</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Establish
learning and information flow within <st1:stockticker w:st="on">WAG</st1:stockticker>
to support individual and team learning requirements, especially ensuring
policy-practice integration learning.
Ensure knowledge management protocols followed and departmental
information is updated and current.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Education
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Masters Degree civil engineering, mechanical
engineering, water supply and sanitation engineering, Programme design,
implementation and evaluation, project management, developmental studies,
geology/hydrogeology.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Experience</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Minimum of 8 yrs experience in Programme planning,
development and management at a Senior Manager level, preferably in the WASH
sector. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Senior level experience managing WASH sector programmes in rural,
peri-urban and urban environments and inter-sectoral working relationships, including
within the environmental sciences, health and education development sector.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Hands-on experience working with national/regional/district
structures to implement sustainable WASH programmes.</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Experience in establishing and maintaining effective partnerships
and strategic alliances (Bilateral/Multilateral Donors, Local NGOs, Regional
Bodies)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Substantive experience establishing and managing donor relations and
grants from the private sector, Foundations, government sector, bilateral and
other donors including USAID, UKAID/DFID, CNHF, GATES Foundation, World Bank,
AfD, UN, EU/EC, CIDA, and experience with local Ghana private sector actors
(Unilever, Vodafone, etc.)</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Knowledge/ Skills <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Exceptional
communication skills – both written and verbal. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Excellent
active listening, coaching and mentoring skills. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Excellent
Problem solving and root cause identification skills<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ability
to multi-task, meet deadlines and manage time of self and others. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Knowledge
of sustainability, rights based, endogenous development, pro-poor, equity &
inclusion issues in development.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Extensive knowledge and skill in Partner
relationship management<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Excellent People management skill, conflict and performance
management skiils, with proven record of developing people with
knowledge/familiarity with international NGOs. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Expert knowledge of WASH sector service delivery approaches,
especially sanitation and behavior change communication, CBWRM, Climate Change</span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">General knowledge of GPS mapping, </span><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 27.2pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Applicants must be
able to work in Ghana<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Applications and CVs
should be forwarded by email to:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The Head
of People and Organizational Development (HPOD) at:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="mailto:GHRecruitment@wateraid.org">GHRecruitment@wateraid.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;">Not</span></u></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt;"> later than 20<sup>th</sup>
May 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Only
short-listed applicants will be contacted<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Thank
you for your interest in WaterAid! <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-33522040477133751242012-02-16T16:13:00.000+00:002012-02-16T16:13:05.114+00:00VACANCY : Program Officer Fair Economic Development<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Job Profile ICCO <st1:place _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">West Africa</st1:place><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Program Officer Fair Economic Development (February 2012)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Job title<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Program Officer Fair Economic Development (<st1:place _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">PO</st1:place> FED)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Specification of the job<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">(Senior) Programme Officer for ICCO’s programs in the area of Fair and Sustainable Economic Development, including:<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Value Chain Development (VCD)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Coordination of the Agrihub Network in Sikasso<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Links between VCD and Fair Climate Programs<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Coordination of the Connect for Change Programme (C4C)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Responsibility<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Direct responsibility for Economic Development Programs and Local & International Market Development (supported by ICCO’s <st1:place _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on"><st1:country-region _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">Netherlands</st1:country-region></st1:place> based Central Office).<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">General responsibility for effective, efficient (learning) relationships between ICCO and partners and program coalitions, including the (C4C) <st1:city _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on"><st1:place _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">Alliance</st1:place></st1:city>, in the region, as well as the relations with ICCO Central Office & back donors.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Position in the organization<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The program officer reports to the Regional Manager, works in a multidisciplinary team and in close cooperation with the Finance Officer, the Business Economics Advisor, the Value Chain Advisor and program specialists of ICCO’s Head Office.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Overall job objective<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Contribute to regional development processes by facilitating multi-actor, multi-level Fair Economic Development programs (Shea, Sesame, Rice, and Cereal Value Chains, and multi-actor development initiatives such as the Agrihub in the Sikasso Region) <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Support strategic relations and alliances within the framework of ICCO’s Strategic Plan (including access to finance with Oikocredit, Terrafina); <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Facilitate the elaboration and implementation of multi actor programs in the shea and sesame chain in <st1:country-region _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">Mali</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on"><st1:place _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">Burkina Faso</st1:place></st1:country-region><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Assist partners in identifying capacity-building support, cooperation with new stakeholders and additional funding, when needed.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The team of program officers covers all thematic area’s in terms of knowledge, actors and content.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Tasks<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Identification and facilitation of programs and program coalitions by applying the 4 ICCO strategic roles: strategic financing, advocacy and lobby, capacity building and brokering/network building<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Assessment of program- and project proposals and business plans<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Preparation of financing decisions <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Control, evaluation and monitoring of ongoing contracts between ICCO and program coalitions & partners<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Contribute to learning, exchange and knowledge-sharing in West Africa with partners / partner coalitions and in the North with relevant ICCO-specialist and ICCO PO’s world wide, and with strategic or ICCO Alliance partners.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Contribute to policy development with relevant ICCO- specialist(s) in ICCO’s Head Office and to the development of the regional annual plan<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Contribute to communication activities regarding activities and policies of ICCO and partners in North and South<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Contribute to applications for additional funding by other donors and investors<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Coordination with other relevant alliances in the region (ICCO is member of the ICCO-alliance, APRODEV, ACT, Oikocredit, WASH Alliance, Connect4Change Alliance, AgriProFocus Agrihub Mali) <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Qualifications needed<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">FED-relevant educational background (masters Agro-Economy, Agronomy, etc)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">7-10 years FED-relevant working experience, preferably also in value chain development <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Good knowledge of the social, economic & political situation in the region<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Substantial international experience in a relevant field of work. <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Good knowledge of development issues, understanding change processes, multi stakeholder processes and North-South cooperation.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Excellent language skills (verbal and in writing) in English and French.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Knowledge of financial aspects related to funding of programs and basic knowledge / experience with financial aspects related to assessment of business plans<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Negotiation skills, <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Networking and facilitating skills<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Good writing and presentation skills<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Competences needed<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Able to explore, process and master large quantities and varieties of information<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Open: sharing experiences, initiating new contacts, views and opportunities, networker<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Multicultural sensitivity and skill (regional and north-south)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Innovative in approaching development issues<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Result oriented; maximizing impact and efficiency<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Team worker <span><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Integrity: careful/ honest with people, money, information and knowledge<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Courier New";"><span>o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Reliable: “does as (s)he says”<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Terms of employment<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">The ICCO West Africa Regional Office employment conditions apply. <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Contact<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Mr Idrissa Ba </span><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><a href="mailto:idrissa.ba@icco.nl"><span lang="EN-US">idrissa.ba@icco.nl</span></a></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">+223 7034 4962, <st1:place _moz-userdefined="" w:st="on">PO</st1:place> FED<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Mr Piet van Ommeren </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><a href="mailto:piet.van.ommeren@fairandsustainable.nl"><span lang="NL">piet.van.ommeren@fairandsustainable.nl</span></a></span><span lang="NL" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="NL" style="color: navy; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">+ 223 7002 0876, Regional Manager<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.4pt;" valign="top" width="217"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Submission<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 362.3pt;" valign="top" width="604"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";">Before 1<sup>st</sup> of March 2012 to the regional manager by mail: <a href="mailto:esaie.dembele@icco.nl">esaie.dembele@icco.nl</a> <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
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</div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-42986266831161885632012-02-16T16:11:00.000+00:002012-02-16T16:11:12.243+00:00VACANCY: Global Water Initiative (GWI) Project Coordinator<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">JOB DESCRIPTION<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Department:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Programming<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Unit:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Water and Sanitation<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Job Title:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Global Water Initiative (GWI) Project Coordinator<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Grade:<span> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Band D<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Reports to:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span> Head of Programs.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Purpose:</span></u></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">The Global Water Initiative is a multi-year Water program based in the Upper East Region of Ghana.<span> </span>CRS Leads the GWI consortium with partners CARE, and IUCN.<b><span> </span></b>The </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">GWI coordinator will lead the CRS-Led consortium on an advocacy program for the water sector in Ghana with following two strategic objectives:<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Local actors engage effectively in IWRM decision making at regional, national and local levels to deliver equitable, sustainable sharing of social, economic benefits from water.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Decentralized local authorities deliver continuous water services in rural communities. <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Key Responsibilities:<span> </span><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Provide<span style="color: red;"> </span>dynamic leadership, technical support and team coordination to the GWI-Ghana consortium and effectively liaise with all GWI program constituents<span> </span><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Ensure for optimal program quality and efficient delivery of GWI activities according to the decisions made by senior management of the GWI partners (Project Steering Committee), the Regional Strategy Committee (RSC) and the Cluster Leader.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Ensure that all GWI partners pursue a program of continual learning, documenting and capitalizing on GWI experiences.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Represent the GWI program locally and nationally to Government, decentralized authorities, NGOs, private sector, etc, and to existing and potential donors as appropriate.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Ensure the security and efficient management of all resources, equipment and documentation linked to the program.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Ensure the efficient use of the human and financial resources available to GWI to deliver the Program.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Provide an effective reporting interface with the Regional GWI Secretariat and donor, including implementation of agreed regional Monitoring and Evaluation program.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Develop and lead the successful networking of advocacy actors engaged in the water sector. <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Participate in the recruitment and evaluation of staff within the GWI team, linking to the procedures of the individual partner organizations. <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Design and deliver a communications program to communicate the work of GWI nationally and locally, ensuring for visibility of the GWI brand.<strong><span style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> </span></strong><b><span style="color: black;">.</span></b><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Management and Administration:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> <br />
1. <span> </span>Manage program budgets, including tracking of financial and material resources.<br />
2. <span> </span>Ensure accurate and timely reporting of program finances and progress status, review <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">actual financial performance against the budget, and explain variances on a regular <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">basis.<br />
3. <span> </span>Ensure staff compliance with all CRS <span> </span>administrative and operational procedures and <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">policies, as well as applicable donor regulations. <br />
4. <span> </span>Approve program expenditures, budget adjustments, and cost modification requests <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">to donors.<br />
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<b><span> </span>Representation and Advocacy:</b> <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">1. <span> </span><span> </span>Ensures that sub-grantees adhere to their assigned scopes of work and sub-award terms, and <a href="" name="_GoBack"></a><span> </span>all members of the consortium work cooperatively and productively to achieve project objectives.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">2. <span> </span>Act as primary program contact to consortium members and donor representatives, <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">taking responsibility for addressing all program matters, collaborating with the CRS <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Country Representative and Head of Program on overall donor relationships.<br />
3. <span> </span>Strengthen linkages with existing and potential partner agencies, in collaboration with <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">CRS Country Representative and Head of Programming.<br />
4. <span> </span>Oversee program communication strategies, in collaboration with CRS Country <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Representative and Head of Programming, including compliance with donor's <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">branding and marketing requirements as well as CRS marketing and communication <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">procedures.<br />
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<b><span> </span>Human Resource Management: <br />
</b>1. <span> </span>Lead, manage and supervise a team of CRS and consortium staff <span> </span>(CARE and IUCN) to meet program objectives. <br />
2. <span> </span>Conduct periodic reviews of staff performance in keeping with CRS' performance <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">management system and mentor staff to ensure high levels of motivation, <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">commitment, capacity, and teamwork. <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Other Duties/Assignments:<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></u></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Carry out any other duties/assignments as shall from time to time be directed by the Head of Programs or Country Representative.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> </span><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Required Minimum Qualifications and Experience<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></u></b></div><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">A Masters Degree or </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif"; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Postgraduate/specialized training in water advocacy, water resources management or other related discipline.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Minimum of 7 years</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> progressively increasing management responsibility and </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">technical experience in Water, Sanitation and Environmental Sanitation in developing contexts<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Demonstrated knowledge of the water and sanitation institutional framework in Ghana<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Knowledge of research methodology and advocacy planning<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Minimum of 5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> years of work experience in development projects <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">preferably in WASH project planning, monitoring and evaluation</span>, at a supervisory level.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Demonstrated experience in engaging local actors in IWRM decision making at regional, national and local levels to deliver equitable, sustainable sharing of social and economic benefits from water.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Demonstrated advocacy and policy analysis experience in the water sector </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Proven knowledge and first hand relationships with water actors in Ghana</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
</ul><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #111111; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Proven team coordination skills and ability to work independently</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">; Excellent interpersonal and supervisory skills.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
</ul><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #111111; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Proven analytical skills, demonstrated creativity in analysis of situations and data</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
</ul><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Strong leadership skills, including strategic thinking, problem solving, effective communication and negotiating skills.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Ability to build and motivate diverse and talented teams.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Proven experience in managing consortium or partnership relationships in a participatory way required.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Proven track record in building relationships with governmental organizations, private sector and community organizations required.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Strategic vision and capacity to oversee a multi-sectoral program involving multiple partners required.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span> </span>Public relations skills required.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Proven experience in budgeting and budget management.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Excellent oral and written communication skills, cultural sensitivity, ability to work with people, good judgment and commitment to the Agency's mission <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Strong computer skills (Word, Excel, Internet, etc.).<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Willingness to travel in-country and internationally as required by the Agency.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Agency-wide Competencies (for all CRS Staff) </span></u></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">These are rooted in the mission, values, and guiding principles of CRS and used by each staff member to fulfill his or her responsibilities and achieve the desired results.</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Serves with Integrity</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Models Stewardship</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Cultivates Constructive Relationships</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Promotes Learning </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 3pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -144pt;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Supervisory Responsibility: </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -144pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Direct: CRS Wat/San<span> </span>GWI Senior Program Officer<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 144pt; text-indent: -144pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Indirect: CARE and IUCN program officers <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> <b>Key Working Relationships</b><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Internal</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">: Country Representative, Head of Programming, Head of Operations, and <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Finance Manager.<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">CRS/Ghana WATSAN Team<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Regional Technical Advisor for Emergencies and WATSAN<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 3pt;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">External</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">: <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>i.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Consortium agencies, donor representatives, Steering committee members, <o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Garamond","serif";">local Government officials<span> </span>(national, provincial and district levels)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>ii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">District Water Assembly<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>iii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">CWSA – Community Water and Sanitation Agency<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>iv.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">WASH Learning Alliance Platform<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>v.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Training institutions in the water sector such as KNUST<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>vi.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">Ministry of Water Resources at central and decentralized levels<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>vii.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";">WSA (former CREPA) WaterAid, IRC, TREND, and other international NGOs WATSAN Sector Representatives (GoG & local NGOs and other stakeholders)<o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Interested candidates should kindly email their cover letter, resume and three professional references March 2, 2012 to: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:hr@tama.gh.waro.crs.org"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">hr@tama.gh.waro.crs.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"> and </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="mailto:hr@tama.gh.waro.crs.org"><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">hraccra@ gh.waro.crs.org</span></a></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><o:p _moz-userdefined=""></o:p></span></b></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-39683847170285542352012-02-07T17:05:00.000+00:002012-02-07T17:05:16.383+00:00VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT (BASIN OFFICER & ASSISTANT BASIN OFFICER<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><strong><u>VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT </u></strong></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A reputable Government Organisation has vacancy for a suitably qualified and experienced person to fill the under-mentioned vacancy. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">BASIN OFFICER</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Basin Officer is to oversee the operations and implementation of strategies towards sustainable management and use of water resources in the Tano River Basin. The Basin Officer will be based in Sunyani in the Brong Ahafo Region.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Duties and Responsibilities</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Provide technical inputs for the development of an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) plan for the Tano basin.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Assist in the implementation of the IWRM plan developed for the basin.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Collaborate with relevant stakeholders for the management of the basin.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Undertake the regulation and licensing of water users and monitoring compliance in the basin in collaboration with Legal, Monitoring and the Environmental Quality Departments of the organization.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Where assigned as Head of the Basin, serve as the Secretary to the Basin Management Board and focal point for donor related projects in the basin.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Perform any other duties that may be assigned from time to time.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Qualifications and Experience</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">At least a Masters or Post Graduate Degree from a recognized institution in Natural Resources and other relevant fields</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">At least six years post qualification experience, three years of which should be in a management position(s) in a reputable organization.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Personal Attributes:</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Excellent computer skills</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ability to motivate staff to be results oriented</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Strong leadership and interpersonal skills</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Team leader and player</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ability to analyse and evaluate data</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Initiative and drive to problem solving</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Duty station:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sunyani</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">MODE OF APPLICATION:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Interested candidates should submit their application not later than two weeks from the date of this advert giving detailed Curriculum Vitae with three referees and personal contact to:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><strong>The Acting Executive Secretary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">P. O. Box CT 5630<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Cantonment, Accra.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Or </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">personally at the office location:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">NO. E4 Leshie Crescent</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Labone Estate, Accra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Note:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only shortlisted applicants will be contacted.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br />
</div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT II</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">A reputable Government Organisation has vacancy for a suitably qualified and experienced persons to fill the under-mentioned vacancy. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">ASSISTANT BASIN OFFICER (2)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">The Assistant Basin Officer is to oversee the operations and implementation of strategies towards sustainable management and use of water resources in the Tano and Pra River Basins. The Assistant Basin Officers will be based in the following regions: </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Brong Ahafo (Sunyani)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Ashanti (Kumasi)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Duties and Responsibilities</span></div><div class="InsideAddress" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Compile and periodically update data and information on all ongoing water related projects in the basin.</span></span></div><div class="InsideAddress" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Monitor progress on ongoing water related projects in the basin.</span></span></div><div class="InsideAddress" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Assist in the implementation of IWRM plan for the basin.</span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Assist in the provision of technical support for collaboration with relevant stakeholders for the management of the basin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Assist in undertaking the regulation and licensing of water users and monitoring compliance in the basin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Assist in undertaking education and public awareness activities in the basin.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perform any other functions as the Basin officer may assign</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Qualifications and Experience</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">A first degree from a recognized institution in Natural Resources or related fields.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Personal Attributes:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Very good computer skills</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Strong interpersonal skills</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Team leader </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Ability to analyse and evaluate data</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Initiative and drive to problem solving</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Duty stations:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sunyani and Kumasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span>MODE OF APPLICATION: Interested candidates should submit their applications indicating preferred basin not later than two weeks from the date of this advert giving detailed Curriculum Vitae with three referees and personal contact to:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br />
</div><span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><strong>The Acting Executive Secretary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">P. O. Box CT 5630<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Cantonment, Accra.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">Or </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="EN-US">personally at the office location:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">NO. E4 Leshie Crescent</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Labone Estate, Accra<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Note:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only shortlisted applicants will be contacted.</span></b></div></span></span></span></span> </span></strong></span></span></span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"></div><br />
</span></b> </span></span> </span></span> </span></strong></span></span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-36894774579015992262012-01-24T14:19:00.000+00:002012-01-24T14:19:18.114+00:00Project: Sustainable Management of Lake Bosomtwe<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Project: Sustainable Management of Lake Bosomtwe <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Call for Proposals<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<h1 style="line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 6pt 0.3in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Background<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lake Bosomtwe with a rim diameter of 10.5 km and a maximum depth of 78m is a natural freshwater lake that originated from a meteorite impact about 1.3 million years ago. Located in the Ashanti Region, It is the only natural lake in Ghana and one of the six major meteoritic lakes in the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The lake and its catchment have a rich biological diversity and is a habitat for fish predominantly tilapia and globally endangered commercial timber species such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Khaya senegalensis</i>. Other ecologically sensitive sites include sacred groves and the Bosomtwe Range forest reserve. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<h1 style="line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 6pt 0.3in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Rationale<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Existing traditional laws have helped to prevent overexploitation of resources in the lake and its catchment area by the 26 indigenous communities who depend on it economically. However given external challenges such as population growth and climate change, this traditional conservation regime needs to be buttressed with additional measures to safeguard the lake and its ecosystem for posterity. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For over three decades, UNESCO through the Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) has promoted the management of ecosystems within the concept of biosphere reserves (BR). MAB combines natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods while safeguarding natural ecosystems. BRs are sites established to promote sustainable development based on local community efforts and sound science.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<h1 style="line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 6pt 0.3in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Call for Proposals<o:p></o:p></span></span></h1><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">UNESCO with help from the Spanish Ministry of Environment Marine and Rural Affairs is over a 2 year period supporting sustainable management and conservation of the lake. Specific project objectives include:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To document dying cultures and what replaces them, if any, for the conservation of Lake Bosomtwe.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To identify and document sources of water to Lake Bosomtwe and their seasonality.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To promote soil and water conservation and good agricultural practices in the catchments.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To promote alternative sources of livelihood, such as fish farming and agroforestry practices.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To develop a comprehensive and long term lake water quality monitoring programme as a tool for water quality management.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To build capacity, especially at the community level for monitoring and protection of the lake and its basin resources.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To create community based water conservation approaches as integral part of water development projects and programmes.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To set up a management system made up of the relevant stakeholders with an appropriate organizational set up to help ensure sustainable management of the lake.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To enhance public awareness of the importance of water in all human development agenda.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 92.1pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">To promote and support the creation of a biosphere reserve in the area.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Interested organisations / applicants are therefore invited to submit proposals to meet one or more of the above objectives. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.3in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">4</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Submission</span></span></h1><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Proposals must include the following sections: <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Brief description of the proposed action<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Problem to be solved, relevance to project objectives, target group and expected results<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Main project activities and methodologies to be used<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Operational capacity and experience with the issues to be addressed<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Detailed work plan and budget with timelines<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Proposals should be submitted </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">accra@unesco.org</b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">by<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> 15th February 2012. </b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Indicate <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Lake Bosomtwe Project”</b> in the subject line. All enquiries may also be directed to the same address <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">OR </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">directly to: UNESCO Accra Cluster Office, No. 4 Royal Palm Street, North Dzorwulu, Accra.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-80629745190234644442011-12-12T12:41:00.000+00:002011-12-12T12:41:06.487+00:00Vacancy : Project Manager<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="min-height: 100px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><div style="padding-right: 20px;"></div><div style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 15px; text-align: center;">JOB SUMMARY</div><br />
Company: Water Resources Commission<br />
<div style="padding-right: 20px;">Title : Project Manager </div><div style="padding-right: 20px;">Location: Accra</div><div style="padding-right: 20px;">Job Status: Full-time</div><div style="padding-right: 20px;">Experience : 5 years</div><div style="padding-right: 20px;">Job Expires: 23 Dec, 2011</div><div style="padding-right: 20px;"><br />
</div><div style="padding-right: 20px;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Water Resources commission (WRC) with the support of the Africa Development Bank, acting as trustees for the African Water Facility (AWF), is soliciting applications from qualified candidates to serve as a Project Manager for a period of Three (3) years renewable yearly on the basis of performance.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">The successful candidate should be capable of performing multiple tasks in line with the Terms of Reference/Job Description and meet the associated requirement outlined below.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><strong>Terms of Reference:</strong><br />
<div style="padding-right: 20px;"><strong><br />
</strong>The selected candidate will oversee the implementation of all aspects of the project titled, 'Re-Optimisation and Re-operation study of the Akosombo and Kpong Dams on the Volta River in Ghana', which is aimed at contributing to economic growth and poverty reduction through improvement of downstream ecosystem functions and livelihoods by re-operating and re-optimising the Akosombo and Kpong dams. The project is framed around the following specific objectives:</div><ul><li>To produce technically and economically feasible reoperation plan, which will retain existing benefits of Akosombo and Kpong operations, while restoring loss of livelihoods and ecosystems functions;</li>
<li>To then demonstrate the efficacy of the resulting reoperations plan through experimental flow releases; and</li>
<li>To document and share the results of the techniques and the lessons learnt widely for application to the current inventory of major dams and to the next generation of dams to make more environmentally compatible.</li>
</ul><strong>Responsibilities and Duties:</strong></div><div style="min-height: 100px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><strong><br />
</strong>The candidate will be fully responsible for the day-to-day management of the project and will report directly to the chairman of the Project Steering Committee. His/her specific responsibilities will include but not limited to the following:-<ul><li>Coordinate and supervise all activities of the PMU, and liaise with AWF;</li>
<li>Meet with the project Steering Committee (PSC) twice per year to receive guidance on the project implementation policy. Liaise with the WRC and other implementing partners (IPs) and AWF on matters of policy and project administration;</li>
<li>Coordinate the activities of the Implementing Partners, to ensure effective delivery of project results;</li>
<li>Promote collaboration with other partners, including the private sector, in the implementation of the project</li>
<li>Undertake procurement of goods and services in accordance with the AWF procurement rules, procedures and guidelines</li>
<li>Prepare and submit annual Work Plan and Budget (AWPB) for the upcoming year for approval by the Project Steering Committee and on the basis of the AWPB manage the PMU. Ensure timely and appropriate reporting on progress and problems of the project of the project implementation including Quarterly and Annual Progress Reports;</li>
<li>Serve as secretary of the Project Steering Committee and the Scientific Advisory Committee and ensure execution of my decisions approved by the Committees</li>
<li>Undertake any other responsibility that will ensure smooth and effective implementation of the project;</li>
</ul><strong>Duty Station:</strong> The candidate will be stationed in Accra<br type="_moz" /></div><div style="min-height: 100px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(78, 150, 226); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;"><strong>Required Skills or Experience</strong></div><div style="padding-right: 20px;"></div><ul><li>At least MSc in Water Resources Management, Civil Engineering or related science together with postgraduate qualification or proven specialized training in Project management</li>
<li>At least five years experience in the co-ordination of donor-funded projects entailing leadership qualities</li>
<li>Knowledge in procurement rules and procedures is required and specific experience with the rules of the African Development Bank would be an advantage</li>
</ul><strong>Competencies:</strong><ul><li>Proven team building, networking, presentation and communication skills</li>
</ul></div><div style="min-height: 100px;"><div style="border-bottom-color: rgb(78, 150, 226); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px;"><strong>How To Apply</strong></div><div style="padding-right: 20px;">Interested candidates should submit their application giving detailed Curriculum Vitae with three referees and personal contact to:</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
<strong>The Acting Executive Secretary<br />
P. O. Box CT 5630<br />
Cantonments, Accra</strong></div><div><br />
Or personally at the office location:</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
<strong>No. E4 Leshie Cresent<br />
Labone Estates, Accra</strong></div></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-75107330213533203362011-11-27T19:38:00.001+00:002011-11-27T19:38:27.125+00:00Ghana Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report-2010<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div align="LEFT"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMZd4it_5WBFIhxMICKXCSHUdahM9ThaSDBLYOQW6DMRKCU5o3Y9UH4qb9GbQVXcjQk0P3w4rjQpa3A_9ps6btKg0vjQ6QjjpeW4cWQ2PpC8qC7n39DsKMW7JvfqRbzNJalr7FmKDW3wsh/s1600/Oic+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMZd4it_5WBFIhxMICKXCSHUdahM9ThaSDBLYOQW6DMRKCU5o3Y9UH4qb9GbQVXcjQk0P3w4rjQpa3A_9ps6btKg0vjQ6QjjpeW4cWQ2PpC8qC7n39DsKMW7JvfqRbzNJalr7FmKDW3wsh/s1600/Oic+1.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: medium;">Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing </span></b></div><div align="LEFT"></div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div style="text-align: center;"> <b><span>Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report </span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></b></div><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><div align="center">2010 </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbovNG6AmNFG7Q5bfBBPv_QW2LiTuSpQ-wBQn_k5phZXOCVdWFg8rTKrAbJvy3v-QPn_zevb-uxjc-h1tgYOK5Bu9j0x00TXxtK2zMmaGEm3FF78hfj3uWCYseowQ5pL3KzHZUq-gBzvGw/s1600/Editoria+Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbovNG6AmNFG7Q5bfBBPv_QW2LiTuSpQ-wBQn_k5phZXOCVdWFg8rTKrAbJvy3v-QPn_zevb-uxjc-h1tgYOK5Bu9j0x00TXxtK2zMmaGEm3FF78hfj3uWCYseowQ5pL3KzHZUq-gBzvGw/s320/Editoria+Team.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">Foreword </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Government of Ghana is determined to work towards a Ghana that is continuously better to live in. Through this commitment, the Government is developing systems and structures that would enable Ghanaians to experience progressively better living conditions in all sectors including the provision of clean and safe water for all by 2025. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Over the years, lack of accurate data and information has hampered effective policy making as well as effective decision-making in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene. It has been a challenge to develop accurate statistics on water and sanitation in the country for several years. This challenge has stemmed from the lack of standard definitions and indicators when dealing with our water and sanitation programmes. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">This second edition of the water and sanitation performance report is designed to consolidate the gains made with the maiden edition last year in setting standards for better data collection, analysis and proper implementation of programmes in the sector. Data quality and availability will lay the foundation for creating a common monitoring system that would help resolve the existing problems. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The report makes it clear how the sector has underperformed due to lack of sufficient funding resulting, partly, from the fact that approved budgets have usually not been fully released to the relevant agencies for implementation. Though there was some improvement in budget releases in 2010 over the 2009 performance, government will sill pursue a stronger agenda in the years ahead to ensure that the "Better Ghana" is indeed achieved through increased funding to the water and sanitation sector. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is my conviction that future editions of this report will deliver more comprehensive information on functionality, gender and vulnerability, hygiene and sanitation as well as NGO participation in the delivery of water and sanitation facilities to the people of Ghana. Though this edition provided some information on these parameters, the Ministry will till work harder to obtain more in subsequent editions. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">I extend my sincere appreciation to the Water Directorate and the WSMP, our Development Partners, NGOs, the Media and partners from the Private Sector and individuals who have made this issue a success. I hope that we can continue to count on their support to realize universal access to potable water by the year 2025. I also wish to particularly thank the EU and UNICEF for sponsoring the production of the report. </div></span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;">Hon. Alban S. K. Bagbin (MP) <br />
Minister for Water Resources, Works and Housing<br />
</span></span></i></span></b><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: x-large;">Acknowledgements </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: x-large;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Ministry of water Resources, Works and Housing, on behalf of the Government of Ghana, wishes to acknowledge the contribution of some institutions and individuals to the production of this second Ghana Water and Sanitation Sector Report. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The government acknowledges the role of the EU Water facility and UNICEF for funding this project. Special mention also goes to the WASH Sector Group for mooting the idea of a sector report in 2008 as a requirement under the march towards a Sectorwide Approach (SWAp). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Again, the government wishes to commend the Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Ghana Water Company Limited, the Water Resources Commission, the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (WHSD), and the Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation (CONIWAS) for volunteering most of the information that form the core of this report, as well as the Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP), for coordinating the compilation and analyses of information and the production of this report. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The following individuals deserve special mention for their special contribution to this work: Alban S. K. Bagbin, (Minister for Water Resources, Works and Housing), Sumani Al-Hassan (Director, Water Directorate) Minta A. Aboagye, (Former Director, Water Directorate), Yaw Asante Sarkodie, (Team Leader, WSMP), Emmanuel Addai, (Communication Specialist, WSMP), Lovia Adu-Agyeman, (Office Manager, WSMP), Enoch Ofosu, (Water Resources Specialist, Water Directorate), Attah Arhin, (Project Manager, IWSPMF-WD), Michael Agyemang, (Director of Public Relations, GWCL), Ben Ampomah, (Executive Secretary, WRC), George Boakye-Yiadom, (Investment Planner, CWSA), Benjamin Arthur (Executive Secretary, CONIWAS), Kweku Quansah (Programme Officer, EHSD) Benedict Kubabom (Director of Planning and Investments, CWSA), Jonas K. Jabulo (GWCL), Abraham Otabil (PRO MWRWH), Patrick Apoya (SkyFox Ltd.) and Abraham Otabil (PRO, Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: x-large;">List of Abbreviations <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: x-small;"></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: x-small;">AfDB - African Development Bank <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>AVRL - Aqua Vitens Rand Limited <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>CEOs - Chief Executive Officers <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>CLTS - Community-led Total Sanitation <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>CONIWAS Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>CSO - Civil Society Organization <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>CWSA - Community Water and Sanitation Agency <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>DA - District Assembly <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>DANIDA- Danish International Development Agency <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>DESSAP - District Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plan <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>DfID - (UK) Department for International Development <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>DPs - Development Partners <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>EHSD - Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>EPA - Environmental Protection Agency <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>ESA - External Support Agency <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>EU - European Union <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GDP - Gross Domestic Product <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GES - Ghana Education Service <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GH¢ - Ghana Cedi <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GoG - Government of Ghana <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GSS - Ghana Statistical Service <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GTZ - German Technical Cooperation <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GWCL - Ghana Water Company Limited <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GWF - Ghana Water Forum <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GWJN - Ghana Watsan Journalists Network <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>GWSC - Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>HSD - Hydrological Services Department <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>IWSPMF- Improvement of Water Sector Performance management Framework (Project) <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>JMP - WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>JTC /IWRM Joint Technical Committee for Integrated Water Resources Management <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>LA - Learning Alliance <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>LI - legislative Instrument <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">MDG - Millennium Development Goal <br />
<br />
MLGRD - Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development <br />
<br />
MMDA - Metropolitan/Municipal/District Assembly <br />
<br />
MoE - Ministry of Education <br />
<br />
MoFEP - Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning <br />
<br />
MoH - Ministry of Health <br />
<br />
MWRWH Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing <br />
<br />
NCWSP - National Community Water and Sanitation Programme <br />
<br />
NEPAD - New Partnership for Africa’s Development <br />
<br />
NESSAP - National Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plan <br />
<br />
NGO - Non Governmental Organization <br />
<br />
NLLAP - National Level Learning Alliance Platform <br />
<br />
PURC - Public Utility Regulatory Commission <br />
<br />
RCN - Resource Centre Network <br />
<br />
RWSP - Rural Water and Sanitation Project <br />
<br />
SESIP - Strategic Environmental Sanitation Investment Plan <br />
<br />
SHEP - School Hygiene Education Programme <br />
<br />
SIP - Strategic Investment Plan <br />
<br />
SWAp - Sectorwide Approach <br />
<br />
TPP - Tripartite Partnership <br />
<br />
UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Fund <br />
<br />
VBA - Volta Basin Authority <br />
<br />
VIP - Ventilated Improved Pit (latrine) <br />
<br />
WASH - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene <br />
<br />
WATSAN Water and Sanitation <br />
<br />
WHO - World Health Organization <br />
<br />
WQI - Water Quality Index <br />
<br />
WRC - Water Resources Commission <br />
<br />
WSDBs - Water and Sanitation Development Boards <br />
<br />
WSMP - Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform <br />
<br />
WSRP - Water Sector Restructuring Programme <br />
<br />
WVI - World Vision International <br />
</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Executive Summary </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">This is the second edition of the Annual WASH Sector Performance Report. Like the first edition, the fundamental issue with non-harmonized M&E systems and indicators is still the main challenge (though anticipated) encountered in producing this report. This means that the Editorial Team once again had to resort to the annual reports from the sub-sector agencies - CWSA, GWCL and WRC - for most of the information. As the annual reports from these agencies are usually published between June and August, the team had to wait all that while before compiling and analyzing the information to produce this report, explaining the late publication. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Institutional and Policy Developments</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The preparation of a Strategic Sector Development Plan (SSDP) for the WASH sector was initiated towards the last quarter of 2010. The SSDP is a consolidation of the separate sub sector investment plans and strategies into a single harmonized sector plan. These plans include the Strategic Investment Plans (SIP) of the CWSA and GWCL and a strategic plan is being developed for the WRC. The National Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plan (NESSAP) of the MLGRD will also be incorporated into the SSDP with the exception of the urban sanitation component. The SSDP will effectively address the absence of a common sector-wide coordination framework covering the different components of the sector and serve as the basis for implementing the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) for the WASH sector. Completion of the SSDP is a trigger under the Multi-Donor Budget Support (MDBS) framework. The SSDP is expected to be completed by December 2011. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Progress was made in the development of key sector policy and strategic instruments including the following: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Strategic Plan was initiated and ongoing; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Buffer Zone Policy was completed; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The sector also made progress in the development of key policy and strategic instruments including the following: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A Revised National Environmental Sanitation Policy, which was finalized and launched; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">National Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plan (NESSAP), which was completed; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">District Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plans (DESSAP), which were completed by every district and in operation; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Strategic Environmental Sanitation Investment Plan (SESIP), completed but pending cabinet and parliamentary approval; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A Rural Sanitation Model and Strategy was also developed. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">CLTS was also endorsed as the rural sanitation model during the year. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A National School Health Education Policy (SHEP) was completed in 2010 to provide a holistic approach to the implementation of School Health interventions and streamline the various policies and activities of all agencies, departments, NGOs, and individuals who offer School Health services. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Water Resources</strong> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The total annual runoff is 56.4 billion m</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">with the Volta River accounting for 41.6 billion m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">. The mean annual runoff from Ghana alone is about 40 billion m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">. The Volta, Southwestern and Coastal systems contribute 65%, 29% and 6%, respectively, of this runoff. However, the runoffs are characterized by wide disparities between the wet season and dry season flows. The total amount of groundwater available in the country is yet to be determined. </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The main consumptive uses of water in Ghana are drinking water supply, irrigation, livestock watering, and industrial supply. On the basis of surface water resources alone, the consumptive water demand for 2010 was estimated at 3.0 billion m</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">, which is equivalent to about 7.4% of the annual run off from Ghana alone. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The quality of water resources, which hitherto was fairly good, has in very recent years been showing signs of gradual deterioration. Water pollution of varying degrees is prevalent in almost all the river basins of Ghana but is more pronounced in urbanized river basins like the Densu and in areas where mining activities take place especially, in the Pra, Ankobra, and Birim basins. The water quality monitoring and assessment program started in 2005 in the Southwestern and Coastal River Systems, with nineteen 19 stations. In 2010 the number of monitoring stations was increased to 40 to include the Volta River System and now covers the whole country. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><strong>Urban Water Supply</strong> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Urban water supply coverage improved from 59% in 2009 to 64% in 2010. However, even with this positive improvement, a similar trend will only help the sub-sector to achieve only 72% by 2015 instead of the 85% national target. There was a total shortfall of 388,576.39m</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">. The Upper West Region continued to be the least served as more than 88% of the urban population in the region still does not have access to improved drinking water sources, while the Western Region moved to the top with almost 77% of the population covered. Non-revenue water as at 2010 was 49.3% as against the 2010 target of 25%. A technical audit of the operations of AVRL was concluded by a team of consultants in 2010 and the findings, generally indicating low performance based on the terms in the contract, were shared with key stakeholders. </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Rural Water Supply</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The national Rural and Small Town drinking water supply coverage target for 2015 is 76%. Coverage as at 2010 was about 62%, an encouraging increase from about 59% in 2009 (expected coverage for 2010 was 63%). This, however, leaves 38% of the Rural and Small Town Population without access to safe drinking water. The Upper West Region continued to lead in rural and small town water supply, improving slightly from 76.34% in 2009 to 76.94% in 2010, while the Western Region remained at the bottom at 52.45%. Only three regions, Upper West, Ashanti and Volta, performed above the national average of (61.74%); all the rest performed below the national average. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><strong>Sanitation</strong> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Provider-based data on sanitation was still unavailable in 2010. The only type of data often used during the year was from the 2008 GDHS and JMP reports. Available user based data on sanitation therefore still indicates 13% nationally as the proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities (18% urban and 7% rural (2008). In terms of supply of toilet facilities in 2010, the CWSA facilitated the construction of 5,384 toilets comprising 3,660 household VIP latrines, 1,430 household KVIP latrines and 294 institutional latrines nationwide. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><strong>Hygiene</strong> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">No statistical data on hygiene for 2010 is available. However, there was evidence on a number of hygiene-related activities carried out by the CWSA, EHSD and SHEP. The MLGRD also endorsed CLTS as the rural sanitation model. As at 31st December 2009, there were 308 CLTS communities out of which 69 had been declared open defecation-free (ODF). The latest user-based data on household water treatment and storage was reported in the GDHS 2008. According to the report, about 8.7% of the population practised appropriate household water treatment methods. In 2010, a Household </div></span><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) strategy was developed by sector agencies under the leadership of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development/ Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate. The strategy gives direction to how water can be kept safe throughout the water chain of fetching-transportation-storage-usage. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>WASH in Schools</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Out of a total of 11,140 basic schools throughout the country, 5,360, representing 48%, had toilet facilities and 7,075, representing 63.5%, had water facilities attached to them. This means that as at 2009, there were 5,780 basic schools without toilet facilities and 4,065 basic schools without water facilities. Data for 2010 was not available for this report. While the Western Region had the highest coverage for water facilities, with 79% of basic schools in the region having access, it had the lowest for toilet facilities with only 33% of basic schools having access. The Greater Accra Region was highest for toilet facilities with 74% percent of basic schools in the region having access. The Upper West Region had the lowest coverage figures for water (46%). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>WASH Sector Financing</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Government allocations to the WASH Sector since 2006 have consistently fallen below 2% of annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It has also shown a downward trend, having dropped from 1.52% in 2006 to 0.52% in 2010. As MWRWH and MLGRD received 2.7% and 3.55% respectively of the total national budget in 2010, the Ministry of Health alone received more than 11%, while the Ministry of Education received 26%. Release of GoG allocated budgets to sector agencies, however, improved tremendously as the WRC received 77% (3.2% in 2009), CWSA received about 87% (about 10% in 2009) and the GWCL received about 269% (23% in 2009) of allocated budget. CSO contribution to sector financing is still not yet known as information in 2010 was inadequate. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions and Recommendations</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The current institutional arrangements for the WASH Sector have been tested for some time now. It might be useful to undertake thorough assessments on these arrangements and make some reviews where necessary. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The capacity building package in the 2010 SWA Compact for the Water Directorate and the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorates must be fulfilled as a matter of urgency since the two Directorates are woefully understaffed and ill-equipped to take on the huge task of coordinating all WASH Sector strategic directions for government ownership in a SWAp environment. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Since ground water sources are so vital and are a preferred choice especially for rural water supply, it would be useful for the country to know how much of it is available. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Urban water management is also still a major issue since evaluation of AVRL‟s performance has indicated failures in many areas. It is therefore recommended that the value addition of the AVRL Management Contract be critically evaluated so that a more efficient model may be found. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">For the sake of sustainability of rural and small town water supply facilities, the current Community Ownership and Management model should be evaluated and possibly reviewed. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Since the Community-led Total Sanitation approach has been adopted, all stakeholders are encouraged to embrace it and support its implementation. </div></span></span><div align="LEFT"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">The WASH sector is still not adequately funded. It is recommended that the commitments in the 2010 Ghana Compact be fulfilled. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>This report has again been produced without a harmonized M&E framework. It has been suggested that the development of a Strategic Sector Development Plan (SSDP) should include a sectorwide M&E plan and framework. It is therefore expected that by the time the SSDP is ready, the sector would have harmonized M&E processes. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>It is commendable that CSOs began to track their contribution to the WASH sector and submitted for publication in this report. It is hoped that more information will be made available for subsequent reports. </span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><div align="justify">Introduction </div></span><div align="justify"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">This WASH sector report aims to assemble all sector progress information in one document and make it available to government, development partners, the media, the public, and all key decision-makers in the sector. The intention is to publish the status of the sector annually to help track achievements against set targets and support effective decision-making and policy formulation. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sector of Ghana has come a long way in terms of institutional arrangement and policy environment especially since the early 1990s. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The development of the National Community Water and Sanitation Programme and the subsequent creation of the Community Water and Sanitation Agency, the establishment of the Water Resources Commission, the Ghana Water Company Limited, the creation of a Water Directorate and an Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate, as well as the formation of the Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation, have all tremendously promoted and facilitated coordination in the sector. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In addition to all these wonderful institutional arrangements, coupled with the need for better aid as directed by the Paris Declaration and the Accra Agenda for Action, the Government of Ghana has collaborated effectively with her development partners to work towards a sectorwide approach (SWAp), where there will be a move-away from the current project-driven and less coordinated approach to working within a more coherent national plan to minimize the incidence of improper allocation of scarce resources. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Over the years, it has always been difficult or even impossible to obtain a harmonized set of data or information for a national level decision-making. Last year, the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing, in an attempt to harmonize WASH sector information to respond to this challenge, produced the first WASH Sector Performance Report with coordination by the Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform. The strategy was to compile all agency level annual reports and other relevant reports. This was because there was no sector M&E plan and framework to guide the production of an independent sector report. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">This is the second edition; while there is no significant change in the sector M&E environment, we have had to apply the same methodology as that of last year (though the parameters have been widened slightly this time round), as we wait for the completion of the sectorwide M&E plan and framework with an agreed set of sectorwide harmonized indicators. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">As expected, some of the core indicators whose status many stakeholders would love to know still have virtually no records on them simply because it has not been the tradition to keep such records. For instance it was still difficult for the team to assemble data on functionality of systems, gender and vulnerability, NGO contribution in terms of facility delivery, advocacy and sector funding. Information on District Assemblies‟ direct investment in the WASH sector is also still missing. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The production of this report, nonetheless, offers some hope as it brings on board, some information on hygiene, sanitation and school sanitation, all of which were missing in the 2009 edition. We still hope that as subsequent editions are published and information gaps are exposed, all appropriate institutions will be challenged to improve on documentation. At the ministry level, the first major action is to fast track the development of the national level M&E Framework in order to facilitate the production of this report and sector monitoring as a whole. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">This report has been grouped under fourteen chapters; chapters one to three provide information on historical overview of Ghana‟s Water and Sanitation Sector, institutional developments and sector coordination. Chapter four to seven provide performance information on water resources management, urban, rural and small town water supply in 2010 with some comparisons between 2009 and 2010. Chapters eight, nine and ten provide performance information on sector performance on sanitation, hygiene and school WASH in 2010. Chapter eleven to fourteen contain information on WASH sector financing, contributions from non-state actors to the WASH sector, monitoring, evaluation and sector reporting and some recommendations for decision-making. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">This second edition may also not provide the harmonized information needs as expected. Nonetheless, it has widened the reporting parameters of the 2009 edition and provides a stronger hope for a faster drive towards data harmonization in the sector. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span>Chapter 1: Historical Overview <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">The first public water supply system in Ghana, then Gold Coast, was established in Accra just before the First World War. Extensions were made exclusively to other urban areas, among them the colonial capital of Cape Coast, Winneba and Kumasi in the1920s. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>During this period, the water supply systems were managed by the Hydraulic Division of the Public Works Department (PWD). With time the responsibilities of the Hydraulic Division were widened to include the planning and development of water supply systems in other parts of the country. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>In 1948, the Department of Rural Water Development was established to engage in the development and management of rural water supply through the drilling of bore holes and construction of wells for rural communities. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>After Ghana‟s independence in 1957, a Water Supply Division, with headquarters in Kumasi, was set up under the Ministry of Works and Housing with responsibilities for both urban and rural water supplies. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>During the dry season of 1959, there was severe water shortage in the country. Following this crisis, an agreement was signed between the Government of Ghana and the World Health Organization (WHO) for a study to be conducted into the water sector development of the country. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>The study focused not only on technical engineering but also on the organization of national water and sewerage authority and the methods of financing. The study recommended the preparation of a 20-year (1960 to 1980) Master Plan for water supply and sewerage services in Accra-Tema. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>In line with the recommendations of WHO, the Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation (GWSC), was established in 1965 under an Act of Parliament (Act 310) as a legal public utility entity. GWSC was responsible for: <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>water supply and sanitation in rural as well as urban areas <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>the conduct of research on water and sewerage as well as the making of engineering surveys and plans <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>the construction and operation of water and sewerage works, and <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>the setting of standards and prices and collection of revenues <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>1.1 Decline in Operational Efficiency of GWSC</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1957, there were 35 pipe-borne water supply systems in the country. The number of pipe-borne systems rose to 69 in 1961 and then to 194 in 1979. At this time, there were 2,500 hand pumped borehole systems in the country and by 1984, additional 3,000 boreholes had been drilled and fitted with hand pumps. However by the late 1980s and early 1990s, 33% of the water supply systems had deteriorated greatly or completely broken down due to inadequate funding to carry out maintenance and rehabilitation. A World Bank report in 1998 states that: ?The water supply systems in Ghana deteriorated rapidly during the economic crises of the 1970s and early 1980s when Government‟s ability to adequately operate and maintain essential services was severely constrained.? </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: medium;">1.2 Interventions to Improve Efficiency <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">To reverse the decline in water supply services, interventions in the area of sector reforms and project implementation were made in 1970, 1981 and 1988. These included interventions by the World Bank, IDA, donor countries and other external support agencies such as Austrian Government, Italian Government, Nordic Development Fund, the African Development Bank, Canadian International Development Agency, Department for International Development, KfW, GTZ, OECF, ECGD and CFD/ADF. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Though some gains were derived from these interventions, their general impact on service delivery was not very significant. Due to the failure of these interventions to achieve the needed results, several efforts were made to improve efficiency within the water supply sector in Ghana especially during the era of the Economic Recovery Programme from 1983 to 1993. During this period, loans and grants were sought from the World Bank and other donors for the initiation of rehabilitation and expansion programmes, to train personnel and to buy transport and maintenance equipment. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>In addition, user fees for water supply were increased and subsidies on water tariffs were gradually removed for GWSC to achieve self-financing. Although subvention for both operational and developmental programmes was withdrawn in 1986, government funding for development programmes continued. The government at that time approved a formula for annual tariff adjustments to enable the corporation generate sufficient funds to cover all annual recurrent costs as well as attain some capacity to undertake development projects. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>1.3 Recent Water Sector Reforms</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A number of organizational reforms within the Ghanaian water sector were initiated in the early 1990s. As a first step, responsibilities for sanitation and water supply to small towns were decentralized from the Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation (GWSC) to the District Assemblies in 1993. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Water Resources Commission (WRC) was founded in 1996 to be in charge of overall regulation and management of water resources utilization. In 1997, the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) was established with the purpose of setting tariffs and quality standards for the operation of public utilities (notably water and electricity). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">With the passage of Act 564 of 1998, the Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) was established to be responsible for management of rural and small town water supply systems, hygiene education and provision of sanitary facilities. After the establishment of CWSA, 120 water supply systems serving small towns and rural communities were transferred from the GWSC to the District Assemblies and communities to manage under the community-ownership and management scheme. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Finally, pursuant to the Statutory Corporations (Conversion to Companies) Act 461 of 1993 as amended by LI 1648, on 1st July 1999, GWSC was converted into a 100% state owned limited liability company – the Ghana Water Company Limited - with the responsibility for urban water supply only. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 2003, NGOs and CBOs in the WASH sector, including some international NGOs, formed the Coalition of NGOs in Water and Sanitation (CONIWAS). The Coalition has so far contributed a lot in coordinating the activities of their members and also in playing a great advocacy role by constantly raising pro-poor issues for national attention. CONIWAS also took over the organization of the Mole Conference Series, an annual platform held since 1989 to contribute towards sector policy reviews. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A Water Directorate was also created within the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing in 2004 to oversee sector policy formulation and review, monitoring and evaluation of the activities of the agencies, and overall co-ordination of the activities in the sector. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Environmental Health and Sanitation Department of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Department was also upgraded into a Directorate in 2008. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">As the WASH sector has mainly been project-driven with little coordination of these projects, there have been more discussions on effective coordination especially by the Sector Ministries. Since 2009, efforts have been made to move towards a sector-wide approach (SWAp), where there will be a programmatic approach with the Sector Ministries in the driving seat and coordinating all programmes implemented by the various agencies and civil society. In 2009, a SWAp roadmap was developed and in 2010, the Government of Ghana signed a SWAp Code of Conduct, spelling out roles and responsibilities, with her development partners. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In order to promote learning and regular policy review to effective service delivery, the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing (MWRWH) and the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) introduced annual conferences with a wide range of local and international participation. While the MWRWH introduced the Ghana Water Forum (GWF) in 2009 to replace the then GoG/Donors Conference, the MLGRD introduced the National Environmental Sanitation Conference (NESCON) in 2010. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In 2007, the MWRWH developed the first National Water Policy and launched it in 2008. This policy has since guided the sector in all its programmes and provides directions in all aspects of water from resources management to supply and services delivery, as well as monitoring and evaluation. Though the MLGRD had a sanitation policy since 1999, there was a major review between 2007 and 2010. The reviewed policy was launched in December 2010. Operational and investment strategies of both, however, are yet to be launched. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span>Chapter 2: Institutional and Policy Developments <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">Introduction <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">This chapter presents recent developments in the WASH Sector concerning institutional arrangements and capacity building as well as policy formulation and reviews. This includes an overview of the national development agenda, strategic plans, among others as pertained in recent years up to 2010. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">2.1 The Ghana Shared Growth and Development Framework <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">The Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (GSGDA) replaced the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy II as the Medium Term Development Policy Framework for the period 2010-2013</span><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: xx-small;">i</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">. Water, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is one of six (6) key focus areas under the Infrastructure and Human Settlement Development thematic area. About 15 priority policy interventions on WASH have been identified for implementation to achieve the following key objectives: </span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;">Ensuring efficient management of water resources; accelerating the provision of safe and affordable water; <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Accelerating the provision of improved environmental sanitation; <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Ensuring the implementation of health education programmes as a component of all water and sanitation programmes; <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Improving sector coordination through a sector-wide approach to water and environmental sanitation delivery; <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Improving sector institutional capacity, and <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Ensuring sustainable, predictable and adequate financing to the sector. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;">2.2 Strategic Sector Development Plan <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">The development of a Strategic Sector Development Plan (SSDP) for the WASH sector was initiated towards the last quarter of 2010. The SSDP is a consolidation of the separate sub sector investment plans and strategies into a single harmonized sector plan. These plans include the Strategic Investment Plans (SIP) of the CWSA and GWCL and a strategic plan is being developed for the WRC. The National Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plan (NESSAP) of the MLGRD will also be incorporated into the SSDP with the exception of the urban sanitation component. The SSDP will effectively address the absence of a common sector-wide coordination framework covering the different components of the sector and serve as the basis for implementing the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) for the WASH sector. Completion of the SSDP is a trigger under the Multi-Donor Budget Support (MDBS) framework. The SSDP is expected to be completed by December 2011. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>2.3 Other Water Related Strategies and Plans</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;">In 2010, progress was made in the development of key sector policy and strategic instruments including the following: <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Strategic Plan was initiated and ongoing; <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>The Buffer Zone Policy was completed; <br />
<span style="font-size: small;">These strategic documents complement the already existing National Water Policy and the Strategic Investment Plan for the CWSA. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>2.4 Environmental Sanitation Policy, Strategies and Plans</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Environmental Health and Sanitation Unit was upgraded into a Directorate in 2008 and mandated to provide guidance to the MLGRD on environmental sanitation, sector planning, policy, M&E and regulatory issues. In 2010, the sector made progress in the development of key policy and strategic instruments including the following: </div><br />
A Revised National Environmental Sanitation Policy, which was finalized and launched; <br />
<br />
National Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plan (NESSAP), which was completed; <br />
<br />
District Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plans (DESSAP), which were completed by every district and in operation; <br />
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Strategic Environmental Sanitation Investment Plan (SESIP), completed but pending cabinet and parliamentary approval; <br />
<br />
A Rural Sanitation Model and Strategy was developed. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">A shift in emphasis from direct provision of subsidies to households for latrine construction to the Community-Led Total Sanitation Approach (CLTS) in Ghana received prominence in 2010. This approach emphasizes triggering of communities to initiate their own actions to stop open defecation as a first step, and to improvise local technologies to contain human excreta from contact with food and water. The national strategy builds on nationwide evaluation of all isolated experiences of CLTS promoted in different parts of the country carried out in November 2009. This evaluation distilled useful lessons for effectively scaling up CLTS in Ghana. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The DESSAPs have been developed by all 170 Districts and have already been validated at various workshops. The NESSAP is a reflection of the revised National Environmental Sanitation Policy (ESP Revised 2010) which places emphasis on the strategic sanitation approach that matches facilities with housing segments and affordability of residents. It also targets total access for environmental sanitation through incremental achievements. The basic challenge of the sector regarding excreta management include training staff to manage a vigorous nationwide scaling up of home toilets promotion through emerging techniques such as Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) to achieve modest country wide target of 75% by 2015 (Interim NESSAP: 2008). The process of finalizing the strategies remains critical to avoiding overlaps and ensuring incorporation of the key emerging trends. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>2.5 National School Health Education Policy</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A National School Health Education Policy (SHEP) was completed in 2010 to provide a holistic approach to the implementation of School Health interventions and streamline the various policies and activities of all agencies, departments, NGOs, and individuals who offer School Health services. The National SHEP Policy seeks toii: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Bring together all policy issues on School Health into a comprehensive policy document to give focus and measurable direction to programme implementation; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Streamline and enhance programme co-ordination; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Effectively and efficiently maximize the use of available scarce resources; </div><br />
Provide institutional framework within which stakeholders will be assigned roles and responsibilities; <br />
<br />
Provide the channel and mechanism through which the commitment of political leaders and stakeholders can be sought; <br />
<br />
Give legal backing to the programme; <br />
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<div align="LEFT"></div><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Define linkages with other national programmes and goals; <br />
<br />
Provide the basis and framework for Strategic Planning for programme scaling up; <br />
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Provide framework for monitoring and evaluation of school health programmes; <br />
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Provide the basis for Sustainable Financing for SHEP. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>2.6 Institutional Developments</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The direct mandate for WASH is shared between the Ministries of Water Resources Works and Housing and the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development. The Water Directorate and the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate are the two institutional pillars within the respective ministries that coordinate and oversee development of sector policies, strategies and plans. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Water Directorate coordinates three distinct institutional sub-divisions, namely: Urban Water Supply (Ghana Water Company Limited); Water Resources Management (Water Resources Commission) and Rural Water and related sanitation (Community Water and Sanitation Agency). Environmental Sanitation is coordinated by the EHSD of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD). School WASH is coordinated by the School Health Education Program (SHEP) of the Ghana Education Service (GES). </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The GSGDA acknowledges that improving sector institutional capacity is of essence to ensuring efficient water resources management, and water and sanitation services delivery in the country. The Water Directorate and the Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Directorate will be strengthened with adequately trained number of personnel and other resources to enable them take ownership and lead roles of the sector. Sector agencies such as WRC, GWCL, CWSA, MMDAs and community management structures will also be given the needed capacity to enable them better manage water resources, water and environmental sanitation facilities at the various levels. Capacity building will be provided as a continuous process. A Sanitation and Water for ALL (SWA) Compact was also launched in 2010 to further emphasize government‟s commitment to list WASH among the Essential Services, develop the capacities of the WASH Directorates to ensure WASH sector growth. Despite this explicit intention of the government, not much was achieved for the WASH sector with regard to strengthening the Water Directorate and the EHSD in 2010. Besides the Director for Water, the Water Directorate continued to rely on three seconded and project staff for all its operations, while the EHSD hardly received any staffing and logistical boost during the year. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span>Chapter 3: Sector Coordination </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">This chapter discusses WASH sector coordination issues in 2010. Discussions cover the move from project-based approaches to a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp), the development of a SWAp roadmap, formation of a SWAp Implementation Task force, signing of a Code of Conduct between the Government and development partners, SWAp-related action-oriented workshops as part of the SWAp process among others. The chapter also discusses a couple of coordination structures including the National Environmental Sanitation Policy Coordinating Council (NESPoCC), the Sector Working Group and the National Sanitation Technical Working Group on Sanitation (NTWGS). </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3.1 SWAp</strong> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Over the years, the WASH sector in Ghana has seen significant growth and development, with competent technical agencies, a dynamic private sector and sustained service delivery, especially for the rural sub sector. Despite this progress, the sector is hampered by the lack of a common strategy or sector-wide coordination framework that pulls together the different sub sectors and related aspects of sanitation. Most interventions are project driven, with different project teams adopting their own systems and procedures independent of others, sometimes with little or no government influence. This results in poor prioritization and planning of investments, increased transaction costs, lack of government leadership and ownership. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">For many years, there was discourse among sector stakeholders towards a better coordinated and more effective WASH sector in line with the Paris Declaration. Discussions about a better coordinated WASH sector took shape in 2010, when stakeholders finally embarked on efforts to adopt a Sector Wide Approach (SWAP). Government, Development Partners, Civil Society and other relevant stakeholders in the sector actively engaged in a stepwise process towards adoption of SWAp. Under SWAp all Development Partners (DPs) are expected to make use of national systems of planning, management, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and to contribute to reinforcement of these systems. Capacity development has been made an explicit cross-cutting focus. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A SWAp Roadmap was developed, and SWAp Implementation Taskforce was constituted under the leadership of the Water Directorate to oversee the SWAp Implementation process. The Roadmap outlined a series of eight (8) action oriented workshops to be held, including the following: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">1) SWAp Road Map Introductory workshop: to solicit the buy-in of all sector stakeholder (i.e. Government of Ghana, Development Partners, Sector Agencies, NGOs and other relevant stakeholders; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">2) Workshop to deepen understanding of Ghana‟s Water Sector SWAp and agree on a Code of Conduct (and eventual MoU) of the SWAp; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">3) Workshop to Agree on a Comprehensive Sector Wide Development Action Plan (including: assigning leaders and responsible stakeholders for conducting sector assessments, the establishment of an annual sector-wide program of work - with corresponding prioritized budget and results based management framework for the SWAp); </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">4) Workshop to Discuss Ways to Support Decentralization under the SWAp; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">5) Workshop to Discuss the Implementation of a Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation System for the SWAp; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">6) Workshop to Discuss and Agree on Procurement Principles and Guidelines under the SWAp; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">7) Workshop to Agree on Various Financing Options for the SWAp; and </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">8) Any other Workshops required for successful SWAp Road Map implementation. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The first four in the series were held in 2010, and the remainder is expected to be completed in 2011. The Code of Conduct was also signed. The following results are expected at the end of the roadmap: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Awareness and common understanding established among stakeholders on the extent and scope of cooperation required with respect to harmonized approaches and the need for government leadership as well as donor, NGO, private sector and other stakeholders‟ alignment to national development priorities. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Discussion of short, medium and long term benefits from harmonization, lessons of experience, issues and measures to overcome critical and strategic barriers to harmonization and alignment. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Formulation of ways and means to operationalize the national sector plan and the SWAp which will lead to increased development effectiveness and ultimately, real outcomes in regard to water and sanitation targets as well as poverty reduction goals, through the implementation of concrete Action Plans. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">During the Second Action Oriented SWAp workshop held in Accra in March 2010, stakeholders identified short and long term priority actions to be undertaken for the effective implementation of the SWAp. The Short term priority actions included: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Operationalization of District Monitoring & Evaluation System, in all regions and Metropolitan/Municipal/District assemblies. The system should cater for different types of data streams within the sector </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Sector-wide capacity assessment to identify gaps in financial absorption capacity and human resources (public, private) </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Develop strategies for capacity enhancement </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Some of the long term priority actions included: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Clarifying roles, mandates and structures at regional and district levels </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>Identify sustainable funding mechanisms <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Development of private sector capacity, including private for profit and non-profit organizations </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">A critical requirement for the successful implementation of the SWAp is the strengthening of the Water Directorate in terms of staffing, office space and logistics and the development of a Sector Strategic Development Plan (SSDP). Programmes and projects are currently coordinated by the GWCL, CWSA and WRC as discrete interventions in their specific areas of mandate. To address this fragmentation, the government now plans to develop a Sector Strategic Development Plan (SSDP) for the WASH sector. The SSDP will be a key instrument for the implementation of the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) for the WASH sector and all DP support would be driven by the SSDP priorities. More details about the SSDP are provided in Chapter 2. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3.2 National Environmental Sanitation Policy Coordinating Council (NESPoCC)</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">A National Environmental Sanitation Policy Coordinating Council (NESPoCC) comprising all relevant stakeholders is the highest policy making and coordination body for environmental sanitation in Ghana. NESPoCC met about 3 times, as against 4 meetings expected for the year. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3.3 The Sector Working Group</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The Sector Working Group comprises Government, Development Partners and Civil Society in the WASH sector that meets monthly to review critical issues and overall progress of the sector. The group is chaired by the Directors for Water, and Environmental Health and Sanitation. DPs select a Lead annually. The group successfully met on all occasions as planned throughout the year. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>3.4 National Sanitation Technical Working Group</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book;">The National Technical Working Group on Sanitation (</span>NTWGS</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">) was formed in 2008 comprising key stakeholders and organizations. Following the evaluation of CLTS in 2009, </span><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">the NTWGS </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">supported the development of a number of documents to guide </span><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">CLTS </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">implementation including a protocol for the declaration of open defecation-free </span><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">(ODF) </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">communities. The group has also proposed to solicit a technical support visit to Ghana by Kamal Kar, the initiator of the CLTS approach in 2011. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span>Chapter 4: Water Resources Management </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">This chapter provides information on water resources management. The chapter presents an overview of Ghana's water resources, including availability, demand, and water quality. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>4.1 Overview of Ghana‟s water resources</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Ghana‟s water resources are divided into surface and groundwater sources. Surface water resources are mainly from three river systems that drain Ghana, namely: the Volta, South Western and Coastal river systems. The Volta system is made up of the Red, Black and White Volta Rivers as well as the Oti River. The southwestern river system is made up of the Bia Tano, Ankobra and Pra rivers. The Tordzie/Aka, Densu, Ayensu, Ochi-Nakwa and Ochi-Amissah comprise the coastal river systems. These river systems make up 70%, 22% and 8% respectively of Ghana‟s total land area of about 240,000 km</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">. In addition to these, the only significant natural freshwater lake in Ghana is Lake Bosomtwi with a surface area of 50km</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: small;">, and a maximum depth of 78m. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">In terms of groundwater resources, Ghana is underlain by three main geological formations, namely the basement complex comprising crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks; the consolidated sedimentary formations underlying the Volta basin (including the limestone horizon) and the mesozoic and cenozoic sedimentary rocks. These formations represent 54%, 45% and 1 % of the land area of the country respectively. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>4.1.1 Water availability</strong> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The total annual runoff is 56.4 billion m</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">with the Volta River accounting for 41.6 billion m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">. The mean annual runoff from Ghana alone is about 40 billion m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">. The Volta, Southwestern and Coastal systems contribute 65%, 29% and 6%, respectively, of this runoff. However, the runoffs are characterized by wide disparities between the wet season and dry season flows. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The total amount of groundwater available in the country is yet to be determined. The depth of aquifers in the basement complex and the Volta Basin is normally between 10m to 60m with yields rarely exceeding 6m</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">/h. The aquifer depths in the mesozoic and cenozoic formations are usually between six and 120m with average yields of about 184m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">/h particularly in the limestone aquifer. Groundwater occurrences in limestone formations, which also exist, are located much deeper, typically in the range of 120m to 300m. The average yield in the limestone formation is 180m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">/h. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Experience has shown that groundwater has a number of advantages over surface water for the provision of water supply and is used as the first choice among other options for community water supplies whenever it is available. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>4.1.2 Water demand</strong> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The main consumptive uses of water in Ghana are drinking water supply, irrigation, livestock watering, and industrial supply. On the basis of surface water resources alone, the consumptive water demand for 2010 was estimated at 3.0 billion m</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">, which is equivalent to about 7.4% of the annual run off from Ghana alone. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiDqK6ldmKeZQaWHTMGy7yHCgr8slYQ_0JuwkZcJujX-1m1ypstqnkNNKg-U3FowGKqORQ3CPonJAZV_9R_CDCUK0uQkWROPNpu2-spnDxkVCPTCUPA5uW1UjaslYV9_LZtlVBCZJp7wLC/s1600/Editoria+Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiDqK6ldmKeZQaWHTMGy7yHCgr8slYQ_0JuwkZcJujX-1m1ypstqnkNNKg-U3FowGKqORQ3CPonJAZV_9R_CDCUK0uQkWROPNpu2-spnDxkVCPTCUPA5uW1UjaslYV9_LZtlVBCZJp7wLC/s320/Editoria+Team.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The main non-consumptive uses are inland fisheries, water transport, and hydropower generation. The projected demand for hydropower generation in 2010 was 37.8 billion m</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">, which could also be met from the total surface water resources available. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div align="justify"><strong>4.1.3 State of water quality</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div align="justify">The quality of water resources, which hitherto was fairly good, has in very recent years been showing signs of gradual deterioration. Water pollution of varying degrees is prevalent in almost all the river basins of Ghana but is more pronounced in urbanized river basins like the Densu and in areas where mining activities take place especially, in the Pra, Ankobra, and Birim basins. </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">In the rainy season, because of high river flows, the colour of waters, the total dissolved or suspended solids and conductivity change or increase considerably. For instance, a Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) value of over 2000mg/l has been found in the Subin River whilst a suspended solid load of 5,067 kg/day has been recorded for the Birim River. Dumping of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes into rivers and streams, particular the South–Western and Coastal river systems have resulted in high levels of pollution in the surface water that requires attention. </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">Problems associated with the quality of groundwater are generally localized. For instance, the problem of high fluoride concentrations in groundwater caused by natural geologic conditions and the decomposition of plant material near industrial sources occurs mostly in the White Volta Basin especially in the Bongo District of the Upper East Region. Concentrations of 1.5 to 5.0mg/l have been found in boreholes in the Bongo granitic formation and a concentration of 6.0mg/l found at Lungo as against the WHO guideline value of 1.5mg/l. </div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">The problem of high iron concentrations in groundwater is more widespread and prevalent in the Ankobra, Pra, Tano, Ayensu, Main Volta and Lower Volta River basins. Table 1 below provides examples of areas with high iron concentrations in Ghana: </div><div align="justify"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFp4bjdvHCYzrPC_nIMDlaNeyegV476oRVffdYQukGSo5mKgWBS9zvbRtFRQikq5u8Vl87pYKyr3XYV1hSK1nZBdopzfyTvAgv7XvcGajJdujWyqUaK2OSCXNIitFTAruxMwInkve_rBod/s1600/Editoria+Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFp4bjdvHCYzrPC_nIMDlaNeyegV476oRVffdYQukGSo5mKgWBS9zvbRtFRQikq5u8Vl87pYKyr3XYV1hSK1nZBdopzfyTvAgv7XvcGajJdujWyqUaK2OSCXNIitFTAruxMwInkve_rBod/s320/Editoria+Team.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Ground water in these areas has unacceptable iron concentrations by WHO standards. Areas around Ave Dakpa, Peki, Winneba, Wassa Simpa and Prestea have exceptionally too much iron concentration in their groundwater resources and care must be taken in resorting to groundwater for drinking purposes in such areas. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Seawater intrusion and high salinity of groundwater has been found to be prevalent in the coastal areas particularly in the Pra, Ankobra, Ayensu Ochi-Nakwa and Lower Volta River basins. High salinity of groundwater has also been found to occur in the Densu, Ayensu, Ochi-Nakwa, Kakum/Bruku, White Volta and Lower Volta River basins. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>4.2 Water Resources Monitoring and Assessment </strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong> </strong></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>4.2.1 Surface water management</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Planning for allocation of water for various uses, involves a substantial amount of information collection, collation and storage as well as assessments of climate, hydrological and socio-economic variables to be able to model future scenarios. Hence, the Water Research Institute (WRI), Hydrological Services Division (HSD), and Ghana Meteorological Services Agency are engaged in undertaking various aspects of water resources assessment with the support of some development partners and the Government of Ghana. In 2010, surface water assessment activities implemented include: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Improving the surface water hydrometric network in the Pra and Tano Basins; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Standardizing documentation on hydro geological data towards proper documentation of all available hydro geological data and information in digital form; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Assessing biological indicators of pollution: biological and physico-chemical assessments are expected to give a more accurate picture of the stresses on the quality of natural waters; and </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Strengthening the Geographical Information System (GIS) skills and applications to enhance data management and database operations </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">4.2.2 Groundwater management </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Groundwater assessment was basically anchored under the CIDA supported Hydro geological Assessment Project (HAP), which seeks to improve the knowledge base and comprehension of the hydro-geological make-up of the three (3) regions in Northern Ghana. Latest activities have been geared towards the monitoring of groundwater resources and creation of a database with information and data from groundwater levels and quality. The essence of monitoring and data collection was to determine trends in water level fluctuations as well as anthropogenic impacts on the resource for effective planning and forecasting purposes. Performance in 2010 included: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Chloride Mass Balance recharge assessment focusing on the analyses of precipitation samples collected from meteorological stations in the area. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Harmonization of the hydro geological database to provide easy access to reliable information/data. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Basic training was also given to some technical staff in the use of some software programs for the management of the database. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Monitoring of the 37 monitoring boreholes (22 existing and 15 newly constructed) continued. Analysis revealed that more than half of the 15 new boreholes have yields exceeding 300 litres per minute (more than the statistical average expected). Examination of the impact of deeper drilling depths as a possible sector approach to improving the success rates of drilling as well as increasing yields is currently being applied in sections of the Brong Ahafo Region. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">4.2.3 Water quality management </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">The water quality monitoring and assessment program started in 2005 in the Southwestern and Coastal River Systems, with nineteen 19 stations. In 2010 the number of monitoring stations was increased to 40 to include the Volta River System and hence cover the whole country. In all, 31 river stations and nine reservoir/lakes stations were monitored during the year. The break-down of monitoring stations is as follows: </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">South-Western System - 19 stations; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Coastal System - 8 stations; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Volta System - 13 stations. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Water Quality Index (WQI), which is the general water quality indices type in which various physical, chemical and microbiological variables are aggregated to produce an overall index of water quality, describes the state of water quality of the water bodies. The WQI classification is shown in Table 1 </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;">There were a few exceptions, which were classified as Class I and III during the monitoring period as shown in the Table 2. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjFerrzL4LCj8fHTmTO9PPA5HWk0qYWRumKf7A4H8EJ1lEtRRAOiKdUs3DCMPncN2On9H57QHoxXaicolOQN5EiUnQbszP45GSOpnXFQOzRgksFNC4or2vfvSAzBGLePtgAz7UR0cJcvgK/s1600/Editoria+Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjFerrzL4LCj8fHTmTO9PPA5HWk0qYWRumKf7A4H8EJ1lEtRRAOiKdUs3DCMPncN2On9H57QHoxXaicolOQN5EiUnQbszP45GSOpnXFQOzRgksFNC4or2vfvSAzBGLePtgAz7UR0cJcvgK/s320/Editoria+Team.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Among the number of water systems that were monitored in 2010, the Densu River at Potroase improved in quality from 63.9 in 2008 to 77.4 in October 2010. At Nsawam the Densu River improved from 42.3 in 2008 to 60.8 in 2010. Both River Tano at Sefwi Wiawso and Butre at Ewusijo improved in quality between 2008 and 2010 from 57.3 and 63.9 respectively to 70.6 each. The Ayensu River at Mankrong recorded slight slip from class II to class III, while the Offin River at Barekese sliped slightly from 67.4 to 65.6. New data on a couple of water systems were also collected on White Volta at Pwalugu and Nabogo, Black Volta at Bamboi, Main Volta at Ajena and Dayi at Hohoe. All of them were in class II. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;">4.3 Water Resources Planning and Regulation </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">4.3.1 Water Use Regulations </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The implementation of a Water Use Regulations (L.I. 1692) and procedures for the issuance of rights to major water users by means of permits progressed satisfactorily. Nine (9) new Water Use Permits were granted during the year under review: five (5) for abstraction, one (1) each for diversion, construction, dewatering and fish culturing activities. Five (5) permits were also renewed, one each for dredging, construction, fish culturing and two (2) for abstraction activities. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The WRC, in fulfillment of the provisions of section 11(5) of the Water Use Regulations 1692 of 2001, published the third Water Use Register at the end of 2010. There was a total of 171 registered water users in 2010 as against one hundred and fifty-four (154) as at 2009. 63% of the total registered users are engaged in domestic and/or municipal water supply, mining takes about 15%, while industry takes about 6%. See Table 3. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Table 4: Licensed Water Users (2010)</strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 363px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;">Water Users </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2009 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2010 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Power generation </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Recreation/Navigation </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">1 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">1 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Domestic </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">103 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">107 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Mining </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">24 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">31 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Industrial </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">10 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">11 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Irrigation </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">9 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">10 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Aquaculture </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">5 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">9 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Total </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">154 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: small;">171 </span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">4.3.2 Drilling License and Groundwater Development Regulations </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The administration of the Drilling License and Groundwater Development Regulations, 2006 (LI 1827) also progressed with the view to ensuring that water wells drilling activities are appropriately coordinated, data on groundwater is properly generated, and the development of groundwater resources is sustained. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Table 5: Drilling Licenses Issued as at 2010</strong> </div><table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 262px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Year </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Number of Companies </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2009 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">28 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2010 </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">29 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Total </span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">57 </span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Twenty-nine (29) well drilling licenses were issued during the reporting year to twenty-nine contractors including four (4) foreign contractors bringing the total number of companies issued with licenses to fifty seven (57), an increase of 29 over the 28 licenses issued as at 2009. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The WRC classifies drilling companies under three categories: A Category „A‟ company must possess more than four drilling rigs; a category „B‟ company must possess between two and five drilling rigs; a Category „C‟ company either hires rigs or possesses only one drilling rig. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Out of the total of 57 licensed companies, 39, representing about 68% were in Category „C‟, while 18, representing 32% were in Category „B‟. None of them were in Category „A‟. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>4.3.3 Compliance Monitoring</strong> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Field monitoring of water users focused on hotspot areas in the Volta, Eastern and Western Regions. Routine monitoring was carried out through the review of environmental reports from Water Use Permit holders in compliance with their permit conditions. Water users such as gold mines, rubber and palm plantations, and fruit processing factories continued to submit monthly records of raw water volumes abstracted, results of water quality monitoring of surface and groundwater sources, and well water levels. Targeted field monitoring exercises were also undertaken to verify accuracy of records submitted by some permit holders. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-size: small;">Reports submitted generally indicated that the effluent concentrations of most parameters discharged into water bodies were within prescribed guidelines of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><strong>4.3.4 Development of Dam Safety Regulations</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>The Commission in 2009 initiated the process of developing a third set of Regulations and set up of a National Dam Safety Unit to regulate and coordinate all relevant activities related to dam design, construction, operations, maintenance, and decommissioning. The ultimate goal was to ensure uniform and adequate level of safety for all dams throughout Ghana. Accordingly, an agreement was completed and signed with the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) for a 3-year support program for the establishment of a Dam Safety Unit and the development of dam safety regulations. At the end of 2010 technical committees (Dam Safety Working Group, Legal Committee and Finance Committee) were set up to provide technical inputs and facilitate the process. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>4.4 River Basin Management and Planning </strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong> </strong></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>4.4.1 Functionality of River Basin Institutions</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>One of the key principles for ensuring proper management of water resources is to promote decision-making and action at the lowest appropriate level. Hence, the strategy has been to decentralize water resources management and planning to the river basin level and encourage the active involvement of local level institutions through the setting up of functional river basin management structures. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>In line with this objective of decentralizing IWRM in Ghana, the process of setting up two new functional and priority river Basin Secretariats and Boards for the Pra and Tano Basins continued. The Pra Basin Secretariat was successfully set up in Kumasi, while the membership for its Basin Board was however still being garnered. Establishment of the Tano Basin Secretariat began with the employment of a Basin Officer and the acquisition of office space in collaboration with the Brong Ahafo Regional Coordinating Council. Identification of key stakeholders and a physical survey of the Tano Basin were also carried out. When completed, the total number of basin offices will increase to five. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><strong>4.4.2 River Basin and National IWRM Plans</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>IWRM plans seek to address and incorporate actions towards the more local (community based) initiatives, which can be taken to reverse prevalent catchment degradation trends, viz. encroachment, deforestation and unabated pollution. Regarding the development of river basin IWRM plans, baseline studies were successfully conducted and the initial stakeholder strategic environment assessment undertaken to serve as inputs towards the development of IWRM plans for the Pra and Tano Basins. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>In the case of the Dayi Basin, both the baseline studies and development of a Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model were completed. The baseline studies focused on information on the physical and socio-economic features of the basin, water resources assessment, and demand projections. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>On the other hand, the development of the National IWRM plan was initiated with the completion of inception workshops and commencement of requisite baseline studies. <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><strong>4.4.3 Policy Initiatives: Riparian Buffer Zone policy</strong> <br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"> </div>A Riparian Buffer Zone Policy is being designed as a harmonized document of all the dormant and fragmented regulations in the country concerning buffers bordering water <br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">bodies or river systems. It is also being designed to provide comprehensive measures and actions that would guide the creation of vegetative buffers along open water bodies (rivers, streams, lakes) for their preservation and functioning. <br />
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The draft Buffer Zone Policy document was subjected to the Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) principles through consultative workshops. Subsequently, the document is being finalized for approval by the Commission before submission to the MWRWH for adoption. <br />
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<strong>4.4.4 IWRM promotion and public awareness</strong> <br />
<br />
The WRC Communication Strategy continued to be executed with water resources management education and awareness raising elements countrywide. Specifically, three documentaries (for Pra, Tano and national) were produced for screening. Other communication materials such as T-shirts and brochures were also produced, while the production of two information billboards for the Pra and Tano basins was initiated. Finally, eight of the nine targeted regional fora were organized. The workshops were designed to promote and facilitate IWRM awareness at the district level and were organized for women‟s groups including queen mothers, women, NGOs, and the media, amongst others. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>4.5 Transboundary Water Resources Management</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>4.5.1 The Volta Basin Authority (VBA)</strong> <br />
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The Volta Basin Authority (VBA), which was formally established on 14</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">th </span><span style="font-size: small;">August, 2009, seeks to ensure international cooperation for the rational and sustainable management of the water resources of the Volta basin, shared by the six riparian countries Burkina Faso, Benin, Cote d‟Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo. By the end of 2010, the interim VBA secretariat focusing on its immediate objective of achieving an effective establishment and operation of the VBA, had accomplished, among others, the following: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">i. Production of a meta-database on the hydro-meteorological networks and an atlas of thematic maps on the Volta Basin. This was achieved from a study on the division of the basin into homogeneous areas and assessment of hydro-meteorological networks for data collection in the Volta basin; <br />
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ii. Completion of Pre-investment studies for the establishment of a Pre-investment Fund to facilitate pre-feasibility and feasibility studies of identified areas of priority development; <br />
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iii. Implementing a 3-year program towards the establishment and functioning of an Observatory for Water Resources in the basin; <br />
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iv. Initiated the drafting of a Water Charter; and <br />
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v. Organized three key thematic fora on cartography, agricultural water, and sustainable management of groundwater. <br />
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<strong>4.5.2 The Project on Improving Water Governance in the Volta Basin (PAGEV)</strong> <br />
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The Project on Improving Water Governance in the Volta Basin (PAGEV), which is in its 2</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">nd </span><span style="font-size: small;">phase, was initiated by IUCN in 2004 in response to the need for transboundary coordination and cooperation regarding the management of the water resources of the Volta basin and is focusing on the White Volta basin. The areas benefitting in Ghana are the districts of Bawku West, Bawku Municipality, and Garu Tempane. The project had recorded, as at end of 2010, significant results that set benchmarks for enhanced transboundary water resources management of the Volta. These include: </span><br />
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<div align="LEFT"></div><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Compilation of knowledge on status and dynamics of water resources in the Volta; <br />
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Production of base and thematic maps; <br />
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Establishment of committees for the protection of the riverbanks in eight pilot communities. About 139 community members were trained and sensitized in group dynamics, management and decision making towards effective management of riverbank protection interventions in the Bawku East Municipal, Bawku West and Garu Tempane Districts; <br />
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Reforestation of riverbanks of the pilot zone with fruit trees and woodlots as alternatives for income generation and fuel wood. 80 nursery attendants were trained and about 4,000 seedlings were raised and planted out of which 3,742 trees have so far survived in 7 seven communities in the Bawku Municipal and Bawku West District along the White Volta River; and <br />
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Establishment of local trans-border stakeholders‟ forum in both Ghana and Burkina Faso to promote transboundary dialogue and cooperation. <br />
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<strong>4.5.3 Ghana-Burkina Faso Joint Technical Committee on IWRM (JTC-IWRM)</strong> <br />
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The Ghana-Burkina Faso Joint Technical Committee on IWRM (JTC-IWRM) was set up in 2005 and functioning since 2006, with the WRC as the focal institution for Ghana. The JTC-IWRM advises the Ministers in charge of water of the two countries. <br />
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In 2010, Ghana hosted the Burkina Faso counterpart in a reciprocal visit at the national level with the view to sharing experiences in the management of water resources at the national and local levels and also initiated discussions on collaboration on risk management, particularly relating to annul floods that affect the northern regions of Ghana. <br />
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<strong>4.5.4 The UNEP/GEF Project</strong> <br />
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The WRC is on behalf of Ghana hosting a 4-year UNEP/GEF Volta project, which started in January 2008. The Project is a regional imitative of the six riparian countries of the basin (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d‟Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo) and is intended to address the perceived major transboundary problems and issues of the Volta basin leading to the degradation of the environment as a result of human activities, by reducing those activities that lead to water scarcity and to integrate environmental concerns into development plans of the basin. It is also designed to promote a more sectorwide–coordinated management approach, based on the principles of Integrated Water Resources Management, both at the national and regional levels with strong emphasis on an expanded role for all stakeholders. <br />
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Key activities performed in 2010 include: <br />
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Completion of national studies on stakeholders/institutional framework, and data and information management for the Volta basin; <br />
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Completion of national Transboundary Diagnostics Study (TDA) on the Volta Basin; and <br />
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Initiated a demonstration project in the Bole and Sawla/Tuna/Kalba Districts for addressing land degradation in selected areas of the Black Volta sub-basin. <br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>4.6 Climate Change Adaptation</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">A two-year DANIDA supported project, Climate Change Adaptation through IWRM, is being piloted in the White Volta basin from 2009-2011. It is to address floods and drought disasters on the biophysical environment, and to collate indigenous knowledge on adaptation. The project is focused on promoting adaptive and coping strategies for water resources use and management to reduce livelihood vulnerability in the three northern regions. Interventions accomplished include the development of: <br />
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Climate safe and minimum evaporative community own dug-outs and wells. Three (3) communities in the Bongo District benefited from such wells; <br />
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Community nurseries towards tree planting around water storage facilities; <br />
<br />
Designed appropriate non-traditional water harvesting climate safe subsurface water storage facility/reservoir and to minimize the impact of floodwaters. Three (3) communities in Savelugu Nanton, West Mamprusi, and Central Gonja Districts benefitted from such storage facilities/reservoirs. The construction of similar facilities was ongoing in seven other communities; <br />
<br />
A draft water conservation and irrigation strategy was been developed. <br />
<br />
<span>Chapter 5: Sector Performance against MDG Targets </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> <br />
<br />
This chapter presents a summary of Ghana‟s WASH Sector performance against the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Though this report focuses on local targets as against the Un MDG targets whose methodologies are different (relying on user-based data rather than provider-based data), this chapter has been introduced to report solely on MDG progress to help data users make the right choice at the right time. After this chapter, the rest of the report will be based on national targets only. <br />
<br />
Users of WASH data are reminded that once MDG is the subject, only user-based survey data from the Ghana Statistical Service or the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) data is used. It is therefore misleading to use provider data from any WASH Sector agency when reporting on the MDGs since different methodologies are applied to derive such data. The 85% coverage set by the GWCL for urban water supply by 2015 is a national target and should not be reported as Ghana‟s MDG target for urban water. In the same vein, the CWSA‟s 76% target by 2015 is a national target and not MDG target. The aggregated national target, as reported in the 2009 Sector Performance Report, is 80% by 2015. <br />
<br />
MDG targets are not set deliberately by any institution but are derived from a simple calculation based on reported coverage data in 1990 by national statistical offices worldwide. This is because the MDG for water and sanitation is to "halve by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation." The base year for monitoring MDG progress is 1990. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>5.1 Ghana‟s MDG Progress on WASH as at 2010</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Since there were no surveys in 2010 apart from the Population and Housing Census (PHC) whose report was not ready as at the end of the year, the latest available data is the Demographic and Health Survey Report (DHS 2008) and the JMP report 2010 (which also reports on 2008 surveys). The indicators used to measure MDG progress on water and sanitation are: <br />
</span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;">The proportion of the population that uses an improved drinking water source, urban and rural; <br />
The proportion of the population that uses an improved sanitation facility, urban and rural.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">The table below presents Ghana's status as at 1990 and her recent position (as at 2008). </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Table 6: Ghana‟s MDG status 1990 and 2008</strong> <br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 607px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="4" height="8" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: medium;">Year </span></td> <td colspan="4" height="8" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: medium;">% Water Coverage </span></td> <td colspan="4" height="8" valign="TOP" width="33%"> <span style="font-size: medium;">% Sanitation coverage </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Rural </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Urban </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <span style="font-size: small;">National </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Rural </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Urban </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <span style="font-size: small;">National </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">1990 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">37 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">84 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">54 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">4 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">11 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">7 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2000 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">58 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">88 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">71 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">5 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">15 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">9 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">2008 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">74 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">90 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">82 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">7 </span></td> <td colspan="2" height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">18 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-size: small;">13 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" height="5" valign="TOP"> <i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;">Source: WHO/UNCEF Joint Monitoring Programme; Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water 2010 update </span></span></i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-size: small;">As 46% of Ghanaians did not use an improved drinking water source in 1990, and the MDG was to reduce that figure by half by 2015, one could then conclude that Ghana‟s MDG target for drinking water is 77%. Therefore if as at 2008, when 82% of the population was drinking from an improved source, Ghana could be said to be clearly on track to meet its MDG target by 2015. The same could however not be said about sanitation. Ghana should reach a target of 54% in 2015, but only 13% of the population was using an improved sanitation facility as at 2008. This indicates that the country is off track to meet its sanitation target by 2015. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>5.2 The 'Time Factor' in MDG Reporting</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">It has been observed that MDG related data are hardly used by any of the agencies in planning and decision-making as none of the Strategic Investment Plans and agency reports apply MDG data in their analyses. This is as a result of perceptions that the MDG data are not very realistic. There is general perception that MDG coverage figures for water are too high while those for sanitation are too low. This perhaps explains why the agencies prefer to use their own data instead of the MDG data. To research into the reasons for the wide disparities between MDG data and provider data on water, the WSMP conducted a desk study in June 2010</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">iv</span><span style="font-size: small;">. The study revealed that the coverage data reported by the GSS and subsequently the JMP do not consider the time that people spend in search of water. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The report concluded that if only those obtaining safe drinking water within a 30 minute round trip were considered as having access to water, only about 71% Ghanaians would be counted as having access to safe drinking water instead of the 82% reported by the JMP. The report called for a national consensus on this issue and advise the GSS to compute access data using the time factor as an acceptable proxy since merely relying on the type of water facility as the only proxy would always portray Ghana with high access figures whereas in reality, about 20% of those reported as having access spend more than 30 minutes in a round trip. The study was part of local efforts to find a way of adapting JMP coverage figures to suit local decision-making and planning. <br />
<br />
<span>Chapter 6: Urban Water Supply <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Introduction <br />
<br />
This chapter provides general information on the performance in urban water supply in 2010. There is information on urban water supply coverage trends, comparative regional coverage trends between 2009 and 2010, and coverage projection for 2015. This year, the urban water supply chapter has been expanded to cover several other indicators including water quality, water production and demand, water supply infrastructure, quality of service, tariffs and efficiency, as well as an update on the Management Contract between the GWCL and AVRL. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.1 Urban Water Coverage</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) has responsibility for the production, distribution and conservation of water for public, domestic, commercial and industrial use in urban areas of Ghana. Ghana‟s urban population currently stands at 12,111,716, representing 50% of the total population of 24,223,421</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">v</span><span style="font-size: small;">, according to provisional results of the 2010 Population and Housing Census. This represents an increase of 46% from the 2000 urban population of 8,278,636</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">vi</span><span style="font-size: small;">. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This rapid pace of urbanization has outstripped the capabilities of GWCL to cope with the increasing demand for water for domestic use, industry and commerce. The total daily demand for water in urban areas is about </span><span style="font-size: small;">1,076,526.00 </span><span style="font-size: small;">m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">whilst daily production is about </span><span style="font-size: small;">687,949.61</span><span style="font-size: small;">m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">, at 75% capacity utilization. This represents coverage of 63.9%, an increase of 4% points over the 2009 coverage figure of 59%. Figure 2 below depicts Ghana‟s current urban water supply coverage, targeted and projected coverage by 2015 using a trend line to estimate. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKCDQOZ0wJSpz12sDF1axFenqjvKbgrThK4zMh8CNDkBeHZdZ9CRrpj5eiOB5oblQgNEAVkaMxnIgtkJSKGMoi0HTvHQGtYl4C1ujpicB1gdiOg5WtmNVdCVV6y2Oggm2ytIt64eRMthV4/s1600/Editoria+Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKCDQOZ0wJSpz12sDF1axFenqjvKbgrThK4zMh8CNDkBeHZdZ9CRrpj5eiOB5oblQgNEAVkaMxnIgtkJSKGMoi0HTvHQGtYl4C1ujpicB1gdiOg5WtmNVdCVV6y2Oggm2ytIt64eRMthV4/s320/Editoria+Team.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Whereas the GWCL has set a 2015 target of 85% coverage, the utility managed approximately 64% coverage as at 2010 and if recent trends since 2006 should continue, <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">coverage will be 73% by 2015, leaving a gap of 12%. However if Current projects being carried out are completed as scheduled the 2015 target of 85% could be exceeded. <br />
<br />
These current projects include the Kasoa Inter-connection, which will bring excess water from the Kwanyaku plant to Kasoa which will release about 7mgd to the distressed eastern part of the city. ATMA rural project, when completed, will supply water to Somanya, Akuapim Ridge, Atimpoku, Frankadua, Dawhenya, Dawa, Kpone, Michel camp, and Dodowa. It is expected to be completed in 2011. Contract negotiations and funding arrangements are expected to be completed for the following projects: Mampong water project, Kumawu, Konongo, Kwahu ridge water project, Damongo water project, Wa water project, Kpong II water project and the Yendi water project. <br />
<br />
Urban Water Supply and Demand Gap <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Table 7: Supply and Demand Gap</strong> <br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 584px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="14" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Regions </span></td> <td height="14" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Supply 2010 <br />
m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">/day </span></td> <td height="14" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Demand <br />
m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">/day </span></td> <td height="14" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Gap </span></td> <td height="14" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Coverage (%) </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Upper West </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">1,257.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">10,800.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">9,543.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">11.60 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Brong Ahafo </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">14,088.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">49,257.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">35,169.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">28.60 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Upper East </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">5,851.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">17,983.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">12,132.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">32.50 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Eastern </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">21,124.53 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">62,245.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">41,120.47 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">33.90 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Volta </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">17,101.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">45,064.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">27,963.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">37.90 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Central </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">45,562.33 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">78,288.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">32,725.67 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">58.20 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Northern </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">33,643.98 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">49,665.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">16,021.02 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">67.70 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Ashanti </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">110,345.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">162,829.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">52,484.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">67.80 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Greater Accra </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">406,044.78 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">557,549.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">151,504.22 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">72.80 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Western </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">32,932.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">42,846.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">9,914.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">76.90 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Total </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">687,949.61 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">1,076,526.00 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">388,576.39 </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="20%"> <span style="font-size: small;">63.90 </span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The sector could not meet all the daily water demand as there was a total shortfall of 388,576.39m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">as depicted in the table above. The Upper West Region continued to be the most affected in terms of the proportion of the population as more than 88% of the population are still not covered. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.2 Regional Trends in Water Coverage</strong> <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">In terms of urban water coverage, the Western Region tops with 76.9%, followed by Greater Accra (72.8%), Ashanti (67.8%), Northern (67.7%) and Central Region (58.2%). The Volta, Eastern, Upper East, Brong Ahafo and Upper West regions all have coverage levels far below the national coverage of 63.9%. The situation of the Upper West Region is rather precarious, with only 11.6% of the urban population covered. Comparatively, as some regions improved in percentage coverage, others registered negative growth between 2008 and 2010. The Western Region grew from 63% in 2008 to about 77% in 2010. The Ashanti Region also grew from 49% to 68%, the Noethern Region grew from 46% to 68 %, the Central Region grew from 43% to 58%, and the Eastern Region grew slightly from 28% to 34% within the same period. The Upper East region, however, registered a negative growth from 43% to <span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">33%, while the Upper West Region also had a negative record from 14% to 12% within the same period. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTNbwHYlAIo-8HpmtvJFz83JG-ys1J9n6jTE0qwNAguDch8vVcn2Q5rFhgy89RYXhPJlBnNZGaT5zU_ZycLa1xD41KoIOMQ_9fYt6XeDuMhH735j9fDRJRXjUupdc6fHDG63qOMClvVDK4/s1600/urban+cov.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTNbwHYlAIo-8HpmtvJFz83JG-ys1J9n6jTE0qwNAguDch8vVcn2Q5rFhgy89RYXhPJlBnNZGaT5zU_ZycLa1xD41KoIOMQ_9fYt6XeDuMhH735j9fDRJRXjUupdc6fHDG63qOMClvVDK4/s320/urban+cov.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;">The Upper West, Brong Ahafo, Upper East, Eastern, Volta and Central Regions all fell below the national average of approximately 64%. Nationally, however, there was a positive and significant growth from 59% to about 64%. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.3 Coverage and Pro-Poor Issues</strong> <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">The poor (defined by Living Standards Measurement criteria) make up 47% of the total population in urban piped system areas. A PURC research in 2003</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">vii </span><span style="font-size: small;">found that within urban piped system areas only 15% of the poor had access to piped water either directly or via yard taps. According to a Ghana Integrity Initiative study (2010), 15% had access to water from wells (Boreholes, protected and unprotected wells), 2.5% had access to natural sources (river/stream, rain water/spring, and dug-out/pond/lake) and 8.4% had access to other sources (water truck/tanker service (0.9%), water vendor (3.4%) and sachet/bottled water (4%). 71.1% of medium wealth and 94.8% of high wealth households had indoor pipe connection. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> The current tariff structure, in which unit cost of water increases with quantity consumed means that poor people who live in compound houses and use shared connections pay more for unit of water consumed than richer households who stay in small family sizes. <br />
<br />
<strong> </strong></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.4 Water Supply Infrastructure and Sources </strong><br />
<strong> </strong></span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.4.1 GWCL pipe connection</strong><br />
<br />
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Urban water supply systems in Ghana include household connections, yard taps, and public standpipes (pay and fetch system). Many of these connections are not metered by the GWCL. About 60%</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">viii </span><span style="font-size: small;">of the urban population have no direct access to piped water, but rely on vendors. The poor are mostly served under this model through pubic standpipes, tanker services and local water vendors with surface or ground tanks</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">ix</span><span style="font-size: small;">. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.4.2 Water tanker operators</strong> <br />
<br />
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">Water tanker operators serve as secondary providers, buying piped water from GWCL and selling either to tertiary vendors or directly to consumers. The PURC regulates the price at <span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">which the tankers purchase the water from GWCL but not how much they resell to consumers. According to a survey by the Ghana Statistical Service, 2% of urban dwellers rely on tanker/truck/cart services as their primary source of drinking water.x <br />
</span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.4.3 Water vendors</strong> <br />
</span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;">Water Vendors are a crucial component of the water supply system, serving the poorer sections of the community. Most water vendors are individuals who store water in tanks and sell it to people within their neighborhood. They may get the water from the piped system (legally or illegally), tanker trucks or through self-supplied wells. There are a growing number of water carriers who make a living by buying water from water vendors for onward retailing to others on request. <br />
</span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.4.4 Rainwater Harvesting</strong> <br />
</span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This is mainly used in the rainy season as supplementary water source but the quality may have problems because of pollution on the roofs and poor storage conditions. Rainwater harvesting systems channel rainwater that falls on to a roof into household storage reservoirs via simple roof gutters and pipes. . The GDHS 2008 indicates that as at 2008, less than one percent (0.1%) of urban dwellers relied on rainwater for drinkingxi. <br />
</span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.4.5 Packaged Water</strong> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;">Just a little over a decade ago (1998), virtually nobody in Ghana relied on packaged water as a first choice of drinking water. Currently, more than a million people in urban areas, according to the GDHS 2008, representing 12% have shifted from drinking tap water and other more affordable and safe sources to packaged. The bulk of the packaged water consumed is sachet water, which is well patronized by people within the middle and lower classes due to perceptions of poor quality water from public supplies. Unfortunately, no data is available on the quality improvements of this water over water obtained from the taps. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.5 Peri Urban and Low Income Urban Communities</strong></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">xii </span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Most parts of the peri-urban areas fall outside the formal planning framework of the relevant state authorities. Because land is privately owned, development proceeds without regard to formal Town and Country plans, or the service extension plans of utility companies. People often build without the proper land title documentation, and therefore lack legal standing in terms of utility services. <br />
<br />
About 70% of the urban population in Ghana lives in congested and sub-standard structures</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">xiii</span><span style="font-size: small;">. Tenancy is insecure despite past and current efforts to educate the public on the importance of obtaining formal tenancy agreements. A study by PURC concluded that the majority of the poor are unserved directly by GWCL except through informal services or <span style="font-size: small;">secondary and tertiary sources</span></span><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span><span style="font-size: small;">. PURC and GWCL are in the process of developing a strategy for improving water service in these communities. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Due to intermittent water supply, some customers install storage facilities, and these tend to divert water flowing in the network away from poor families who cannot afford the cost of storage reservoirs. A more recent practice has been the tendency for some households or individuals to install suction pumps to draw water into reservoirs, thereby depriving people downstream who depend on the same line of any water. GWCL has been making efforts to clamp down on the use of suction pumps. In addition, GWCL and other partners have put in place a number of pro-poor measures, including provision of storage tanks, water kiosks, stand-pipes, public baths and toilets to various communities. Some of the areas that benefited include: Osu, La, Teshie in Greater Accra, Zaare in the Upper East Region, Dwomo in the Brong Ahafo Region among others. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.6 Water Quality</strong> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">According to GWCL water quality at treatment points is good, but may get contaminated during transmission due to broken pipes that allow intrusion. The use of same tanker trucks to supply drinking water and raw water for construction presents additional quality challenges to those who rely on such services for drinking water. Although the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) has issued some guidelines for tankers, enforcement is yet to take effect. <br />
<br />
The objectives of GWCL‟s Water Quality Monitoring are to improve water quality, evaluate risks to the population, determine long-term trends and prioritize interventions. Major achievements in the area of water quality are the preparation of Water Safety Plans (WSP) and implementation of Water Quality Monitoring Procedures. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Table 8: Some Achievements in Water Quality Issues as at 2010 by GWCL</strong> <br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 559px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Water Safety Plans </strong></span><strong></strong></td><strong> </strong><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="50%"><strong> </strong><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Water Quality Monitoring Procedures</strong> </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="36" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;"><ul><li>Existence of water safety plans </li>
</ul><ul><li>Investment in laboratory equipment </li>
</ul><ul><li>Systematic quality monitoring </li>
</ul><ul><li>Availability of nWater Quality Reports </li>
</ul></span></td> <td height="36" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <br />
<ul><li>Source water quality monitoring </li>
</ul><ul><li>Treatment process control </li>
</ul><ul><li>Distribution system monitoring </li>
</ul><ul><li>Water quality surveillance </li>
</ul></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Critical parameters of GWCL‟s water quality monitoring include E.Coli or thermo tolerant (faecal) coliforms, turbidity, free chlorine residuals and pH. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.7 Quality of Service</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In majority of urban areas, water is rationed due to high demand and inadequate supply. It is significant to note that there is lack of proper metering of urban water production and consumption by GWCL and therefore data available are estimates by GWCL. GWCL estimates that although demand stood at 1,076,527m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">of water per day as at 2010, only about </span><span style="font-size: small;">687,949.61m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">was produced per day. GWCL still records significantly high non revenue water averaging about 49.3% and has a bill collection ratio of about 90%. The situation in <span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">the national capital, Accra, typifies the level of quality of service that consumers receive. See Figure 4: <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 4: Water supply status in Accra</strong> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3SEiwx0lRbkOA8MnQrP11rUGNko3JK4KXvOjcSBtz1vUmcdGfVy05zJCNuEclMMMmhNZ5CmcaTi1ENvzylRe_msnlH9sARJxC0p7hLogy0TPRf-gDZdqiES_QvZNR4fTnlhG3OVXw_fbJ/s1600/m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3SEiwx0lRbkOA8MnQrP11rUGNko3JK4KXvOjcSBtz1vUmcdGfVy05zJCNuEclMMMmhNZ5CmcaTi1ENvzylRe_msnlH9sARJxC0p7hLogy0TPRf-gDZdqiES_QvZNR4fTnlhG3OVXw_fbJ/s320/m.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In 2010, only a quarter of residents in Accra received continuous water supply throughout the week, while about a third receive water about 12 hour a day. One third of residents also receive supplies only two days in a week, while one tenth receive no supplies at all. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.8 Efficiency</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">GWCL‟s efficiency indicators include water production rates, water sales, percentage of non revenue water, bill collection ratio, production cost and total revenue among a few others. See Annex 2 for details between 2005 and 2010. <br />
</span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.8.1 Non Revenue Water</strong> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;">The level of non-revenue water (NRW) associated with a utility company is a proxy measure of its efficiency. In the Management Contract between the Ghana Water Company and Aqua Vitens Rand Limited, a target was set to reduce non-revenue water from 48% in 2005 to 25% by 2010. By the end of 2010, non-revenue water was still about 49.3%. Figure 5 below provides a trend in non-revenue water, showing targets and achievements from 2005 to 2010. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Figure 5: Non-revenue water: Targets and achievements</span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span></i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWCopTO6KlmVUMOdMX_2-dNbU49gRgE4vLaZ1wdJ80p2-WqZUG1BA9GrKiCnz6Eg7wg5A5Ob_F-2kJhXChGFWZgSWwzRy0UQsvwkMmWzgIQXs1Phx0g7DSvrkgalO37G8Cfib_Z-t_6zGn/s1600/am.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWCopTO6KlmVUMOdMX_2-dNbU49gRgE4vLaZ1wdJ80p2-WqZUG1BA9GrKiCnz6Eg7wg5A5Ob_F-2kJhXChGFWZgSWwzRy0UQsvwkMmWzgIQXs1Phx0g7DSvrkgalO37G8Cfib_Z-t_6zGn/s320/am.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: Calculations based on NRW targets set in the 2006 Management Contract, using a baseline NRW figure of 50%. Figures for actual NRW obtained from GWCL</span></i><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;">. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: xx-small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">The 49.3% NRW is more than twice the international best practice levels of 20%, and also more than the 33% benchmark for the low income country peer group</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">2 </span><span style="font-size: small;">. Two main factors account for the high NRW rate. One is the ageing distribution infrastructure that is full of leaks. The other is high non-technical losses due to illegal connections from the distribution network. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>6.8.2 Production and Sales</strong></span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;">GWCL operates 84 pipe-borne systems nationwide. There are 94 water treatment plants in operation, four of them being new plants, with a total installed capacity of about 949,000m</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">/day. Total daily water production is about 687,949.61 m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">against a daily demand of about 1,076,526.00 m</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3</span><span style="font-size: small;">. This represents a 10% increase in water production between 2005 and 2010</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">xiv</span><span style="font-size: small;">. GWCL‟s total water production rates have improved consistently from 205.2mm</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">in 2005 to 242.3mm</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">in 2010. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Figure 6: Urban Water Production and Sales, 2003-2008</strong> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-rednX5lAjEZMyPZ3Waxg7sqsobxXHBKB1voqWWTVxBSPQPg285PH_qWWE72zyxRcIlBg9eXLXuYQqEHEavHk7wmzQrNV0ZRWuq6onZ37_MbKOCZ7EW6Ba8iaMCvu-HzyKEuZOStdDwlR/s1600/Team.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-rednX5lAjEZMyPZ3Waxg7sqsobxXHBKB1voqWWTVxBSPQPg285PH_qWWE72zyxRcIlBg9eXLXuYQqEHEavHk7wmzQrNV0ZRWuq6onZ37_MbKOCZ7EW6Ba8iaMCvu-HzyKEuZOStdDwlR/s320/Team.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;">The sales trend is also similar, having increased from 88.03mm</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">to 150.7mm</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">3 </span><span style="font-size: small;">within the same period. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> <strong>6.8.3 Revenue and Cost Trends</strong> <br />
<br />
GWCL‟s revenues have improved from GH¢55.9m in 2005 to about GH¢150m in 2010. Unfortunately, however, average cost of producing a cubic metre of water also increased from about 20 pesewas to about 45pesewas within the same period. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;">6.9 Status of the GWCL/AVRL Management Contract <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAZJP9bh1d7HLwkxGzrDW80MeR0RX2tT7claS-q3whPtmV1CzfwIiADRAqN5GBLXSHGAVnUrEuyXR3EfM8XJNlEYmfajZOao52fFKJnVI9TW8LFhoGV7TioWdkHXxwnSqtt7XFytI2IG6G/s1600/Edit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAZJP9bh1d7HLwkxGzrDW80MeR0RX2tT7claS-q3whPtmV1CzfwIiADRAqN5GBLXSHGAVnUrEuyXR3EfM8XJNlEYmfajZOao52fFKJnVI9TW8LFhoGV7TioWdkHXxwnSqtt7XFytI2IG6G/s320/Edit.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>The management contract is in its fourth year of implementation. There are challenges including extra high customer expectation, interpretations, GWCL-AVRL relations, baseline setting and procurement, among others. The removal of challenges within the contract was the main focus of a Mid Term Review by Government last year (2009). A technical audit of the operations of AVRL has been concluded by a team of consultants. The findings of the audit have been shared by key stakeholders. <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>6.9 Status of the GWCL/AVRL Management Contract</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The management contract is in its fourth year of implementation. There are challenges including extra high customer expectation, interpretations, GWCL-AVRL relations, baseline setting and procurement, among others. The removal of challenges within the contract was the main focus of a Mid Term Review by Government last year (2009). A technical audit of the operations of AVRL has been concluded by a team of consultants. The findings of the audit have been shared by key stakeholders. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;">Chapter 7: Rural and Small Town Water Supply </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> <br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;">The Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA), a state agency under the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing, has the mandate to facilitate rural and small town drinking water supply in Ghana. The National Water Policy (NWP) defines a rural community as a community with a population of less than 5,000 people and a small town as a community that is not rural but is a small urban community, with population between 2,000 and 30,000 that has been mandated by the relevant authority(ies) to manage its own water and sanitation systems. This chapter presents data supplied by CWSA on the rural and small town sub-sector for 2010 and contains further analyses including comparisons with previous years and projections into the future as far as progress towards the 2015 target of 76% is concerned. <br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: medium;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: medium;"><strong>7.1 Access to improved drinking water sources (Regional/National)</strong> <br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>7.1.1 Rural water supply overall performance</strong> <br />
<br />
The national Rural and Small Town drinking water supply coverage target for 2015 is 76%. Coverage as at 2010 was about 61.74%, an encouraging increase from about 59% in 2009. This, however, leaves 38% of the Rural and Small Town Population without access to safe drinking water. <br />
<br />
<strong>Figure 8: Rural water supply performance in 2010 against 2015 targets</strong> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZwIHAjeuBh7RP5DvcFS5a8SgQJREc6nkOt4FAVH-Ayq5wYy7OMciaXf3tTrM4Yi5iA_vw8h6-mrkzccEX-RyUNOXZ0-95x7DA-x7nYxqldUuDN_Nf_z1X9O2EHj3zFNf9gRU_f5D5HFk_/s1600/rural.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZwIHAjeuBh7RP5DvcFS5a8SgQJREc6nkOt4FAVH-Ayq5wYy7OMciaXf3tTrM4Yi5iA_vw8h6-mrkzccEX-RyUNOXZ0-95x7DA-x7nYxqldUuDN_Nf_z1X9O2EHj3zFNf9gRU_f5D5HFk_/s320/rural.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;">Chapter 7: Rural and Small Town Water Supply </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> <br />
<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;">The Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA), a state agency under the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing, has the mandate to facilitate rural and small town drinking water supply in Ghana. The National Water Policy (NWP) defines a rural community as a community with a population of less than 5,000 people and a small town as a community that is not rural but is a small urban community, with population between 2,000 and 30,000 that has been mandated by the relevant authority(ies) to manage its own water and sanitation systems. This chapter presents data supplied by CWSA on the rural and small town sub-sector for 2010 and contains further analyses including comparisons with previous years and projections into the future as far as progress towards the 2015 target of 76% is concerned. <br />
<br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: medium;"><strong>7.1 Access to improved drinking water sources (Regional/National) </strong><br />
<strong> </strong></span></span><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Franklin Gothic Book,Franklin Gothic Book; font-size: small;"><strong></strong> <br />
<br />
The national Rural and Small Town drinking water supply coverage target for 2015 is 76%. Coverage as at 2010 was about 61.74%, an encouraging increase from about 59% in 2009. This, however, leaves 38% of the Rural and Small Town Population without access to safe drinking water. <br />
<br />
Figure 8: Rural water supply performance in 2010 against 2015 targets <br />
7.1.2 Rural & small town water supply performance trends: 2000 to 2010 <br />
<br />
The Rural and Small Town drinking water supply sub-sector has seen consistent increase in coverage levels since 2000. From 40% in 2000, it rose to about 57% in 2008, 59% in 2009 and 61.74% in 2010. This represents about 55% increase in coverage during the decade. This is, however, slightly below the expected coverage of 63% by 2010. </span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></span></span><div align="justify" style="text-align: justify;"></div></span></span></span><div align="justify" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div align="justify" style="text-align: justify;"></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>7.1.3 Projected rural water supply coverage by 2015</strong> <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWrAB4kp49wjR96EEjpqJVt3_M9WcPa0DuMQlsNTWWArH7LGtXQze3Vp2xapkR8B5I-dghB5QSJxtOzOePlCVrewjNt50ywloM0-uhSq8KtLs0dxAH-fzkPQG8kRfGWN_ALIdxdztWxUhS/s1600/ea.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWrAB4kp49wjR96EEjpqJVt3_M9WcPa0DuMQlsNTWWArH7LGtXQze3Vp2xapkR8B5I-dghB5QSJxtOzOePlCVrewjNt50ywloM0-uhSq8KtLs0dxAH-fzkPQG8kRfGWN_ALIdxdztWxUhS/s320/ea.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
If the Rural and Small Town sub sector coverage trend should be maintained, coverage by 2015 would still be approximately 72% against the expected 76% coverage. The subsector is therefore slightly off-track in achieving its 2015 target and needs to increase investments to accelerate coverage in order to achieve the set target (see figure 10 below). <br />
Figure 10: Projected rural and small town water coverage by 2017 <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy89bMEpKtjrCuZt_JnJ3qiYdwvoUsZibiZ2cWWKkuwWY73hEotN7ayW2LIpp8g8n6lbJGVDY1Pz8MUc3M4FbMVdR940060uXznJK-sIX7uU_UtzdTOsPk4UKJyvY6pEBiwFpO_mL_G8iY/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy89bMEpKtjrCuZt_JnJ3qiYdwvoUsZibiZ2cWWKkuwWY73hEotN7ayW2LIpp8g8n6lbJGVDY1Pz8MUc3M4FbMVdR940060uXznJK-sIX7uU_UtzdTOsPk4UKJyvY6pEBiwFpO_mL_G8iY/s320/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>7.1.4 Regional Disaggregated and Comparative Rural & Small Town Water Supply Coverage Trends: 2009 and 2010</strong> <br />
<br />
With the exception of the Greater Accra and Volta Regions which recorded slight decreases in coverage, all the regions recorded some improvement. Central Region and Western Region recorded very significant growth from 45% and 44% to 57% and 52% respectively from 2009 to 2010. Positions of regions on the coverage league table, however, did not change. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3BcR1nYSBOnDKp71iq3TS2tlefE_qHSPXKoD9M9hrf5VqHe1lj6D53mBXIPPb4lSLwxtJH2E-bBSaV7zzEkU-kOyPbCdpgOsNkbeG6Fi6R2dixasy3nO2oC0rDqsXaz_0i-R4OY9YpKbs/s1600/m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3BcR1nYSBOnDKp71iq3TS2tlefE_qHSPXKoD9M9hrf5VqHe1lj6D53mBXIPPb4lSLwxtJH2E-bBSaV7zzEkU-kOyPbCdpgOsNkbeG6Fi6R2dixasy3nO2oC0rDqsXaz_0i-R4OY9YpKbs/s320/m.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;">The Upper West Region continued to lead in rural and small town water supply, improving slightly from 76.34% in 2009 to 76.94% in 2010, while the Western Region remained at the bottom at 52.45%. Only three regions, Upper West, Ashanti and Volta, performed above the national average of (61.74%); all the rest performed below the national average. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>7.2 Facility Delivery Status</strong> <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">Total installed number of boreholes nationwide by the CWSA rose from 12,954 in 2009 to 13,219, 2010, meaning that 265 new boreholes were installed in 2010. Two more small community piped schemes were also installed, increasing the total tally to 281 nationwide; while the number of small town piped schemes also rose from 339 to 412 between 2009 and 2010. 36 new rain harvesting systems were also provided in 2010. <br />
<br />
<strong> </strong><strong>Table 9: Rural water supply facility delivery status: 2009 to 2010</strong> </span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Qwg0eojPKrvDaS6ENEPPryuanQxIBuT-nP1NFc0ENm3fmqJ5hCpbZBE0SpD3Zoqkca5D0cQvrCXC7WEwmzXUq-HBtxkyM8HWqTPvCjt4QAHX8rbm72zpdFUosL8ekx-CtkKJSRXNjZo3/s1600/a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Qwg0eojPKrvDaS6ENEPPryuanQxIBuT-nP1NFc0ENm3fmqJ5hCpbZBE0SpD3Zoqkca5D0cQvrCXC7WEwmzXUq-HBtxkyM8HWqTPvCjt4QAHX8rbm72zpdFUosL8ekx-CtkKJSRXNjZo3/s320/a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>7.4 Information on self supply in rural & small town water supply </strong><br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">It has been observed that a number of rural households provide their own water supply facilities. This practice is more widespread in areas where communal water supply systems are unavailable. Even in some communities where there are facilities, some households still prefer to provide for themselves. Self supplied facilities come in diverse forms – they include rain harvesting facilities, hand-dug wells (lined and unlined with or without hand pumps), boreholes and mechanized point sources. It has also been observed that none of the agencies or CSOs captures monitoring data on self supply apart from the Ghana Statistical Service, whose surveys inherently have data on all facilities irrespective of their providers. It has been suggested that sectorwide M&E systems should capture data on self supply, while the practice should also be mainstreamed in water supply in Ghana, both rural and urban.<br />
<br />
<span>Chapter 8: Sanitation </span><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The scope of sanitation for the purpose of this report is limited to the provision of, access to and use of household toilet facilities. This chapter provides some available information on sanitation as at 2010. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>8.1 Access to Improved Household Toilet Facilities – provider-based data</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">No provider agency in Ghana had a nationwide coverage data on access to basic sanitation as at 2010. The only provider-based nationwide data on access to household toilet facilities was a baseline survey compiled in 2007/2008 by the District Environmental Health Units (DEHU) and Waste Management Departments countrywide to facilitate the development of their District Environmental Sanitation Strategy and Action Plans (DESSAPs). It must be noted that this data is skewed towards urban human settlements and captured 'improved but shared' household facilities as improved. According to the surveys, the proportion of households relying on an improved household sanitation facility was estimated at 76%, while 7% of the population relied on pan latrinesxv. <br />
<br />
It must be emphasized here that Ghana is yet to find a clear definition for an improved toilet facility as the country is still debating whether some household toilet facilities that are shared by two or more households should be considered improved or not. The United Nations does not currently classify shared toilet facilities as improved even though there are perceptions that some shared facilities might possess all the indicators of an improved toilet facility. <br />
<br />
The Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD), through the Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (EHSD) is planning a nationwide research, in collaboration with the Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP) of the Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing (MWRWH), to determine the extent to which shared toilet facilities could be classified as improved or unimproved and it is hoped that an answer will be found by the end of 2011. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>8.2 Access to Improved Household Toilet Facilities – user-based data</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In the absence of adequate provider-based</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">4 </span><span style="font-size: small;">data, WASH stakeholders have mostly used the Ghana Statistical Service generated Demographic and Health Survey (2008) data in various presentations in recent years. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEileFiBeiaCvltdR2-xV89TzAyOacUYcahkqRxolHZuZCai8tNFo1cw91ziUg9_VmDqmYuy_YD7VClBm4716OsQVNnGWhtwx0dIZLPeDM-bcUuezFz1ej-BIUEAH8ShvvX7jsY-207MVDXN/s1600/k.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEileFiBeiaCvltdR2-xV89TzAyOacUYcahkqRxolHZuZCai8tNFo1cw91ziUg9_VmDqmYuy_YD7VClBm4716OsQVNnGWhtwx0dIZLPeDM-bcUuezFz1ej-BIUEAH8ShvvX7jsY-207MVDXN/s320/k.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>As at 2008, only 13% of the population of Ghana (about three million people) was using improved toilet facilities. Improved facilities, according to the WHO/UNICEF JMP, flush or pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tank or pit latrine, VIP and composting toilet. All others are considered unimproved. Almost 54% of the population shared their household toilet facilities with other households, while 23%, more than five million people practised open defecation.<br />
<br />
According to the Joint Monitoring Program (WHO/UNICEF, 2008), about 18% of the urban population uses improved toilet facilities, whilst 7% practice open defecation. This translates into 210 cesspit tanker loads of feces being dumped in the urban space every day. About 4% of urban households still use pan latrines.<br />
<br />
Averagely each person, according to the EHSD, produces about 0.25kg of faeces and 1.2litres of urine every day. With the total estimated population of 12,500,000 people living in urban areas currently, the total amount of faeces produced in a day adds up to 3,125 tonnes and that for urine is 15,000M3. This is the equivalent of about 3,000 cesspit tanker loads every day. The persistent lack of home latrines in many low income communities and the resort to more communal and public toilets is also contributing increased volumes of septage that is currently discharged untreated into many water courses and streams. Less than 15% of the septage generated in Accra and Kumasi, the two largest cities, is effectively treated.<br />
<br />
<strong>8.3 Sanitation Facility Delivery in 2010</strong><br />
<br />
In terms of supply of toilet facilities in 2010, the CWSA facilitated the construction of 5,384 toilets comprising 3,660 household VIP latrines, 1,430 household KVIP latrines and 294 institutional latrines nationwide.<br />
<br />
<div align="left" class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyoadc9GbtIeoFWkxU0h_ixNSSM2ILju-CxXlG78pyOL7Rc-n0zzpzeNWM9AY1rkBGctkQvI647kKrettkR6yJtSWF0QtD3RYkR9XArhVhxSkxzvCMmDPqfyIpbWJ4JuOqfLUGW1j6tqUj/s1600/c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyoadc9GbtIeoFWkxU0h_ixNSSM2ILju-CxXlG78pyOL7Rc-n0zzpzeNWM9AY1rkBGctkQvI647kKrettkR6yJtSWF0QtD3RYkR9XArhVhxSkxzvCMmDPqfyIpbWJ4JuOqfLUGW1j6tqUj/s320/c.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;">It is not clear how many toilets were constructed by households themselves and also by CSOs as information on CSO contribution to facility delivery and self supply of sanitation facilities is inadequate. <br />
</span><br />
<span>Chapter 9: Hygiene <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction</strong> <br />
<br />
Information in this chapter includes access to household handwashing facilities, household water treatment and storage and hygiene-related events including world toilet day. There is also information on the Community-led Total Sanitation (CLTS) as the new rural sanitation model adopted by the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, as well as hygiene-related capacity development efforts. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>9.1 Access to Household Handwashing Facilities</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The Community Water and Sanitation Agency, (CWSA) in collaboration with other public, development agencies and private partners has developed a Public Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap Programme with the overall objective of improving the health of ordinary Ghanaians through the tripling of rates of handwashing with soap via the public-private partnership. Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) provided the anchor and catalyst for this partnership under its mandate for water and sanitation delivery and hygiene promotion. A communications campaign „Truly CLEAN Hands‟ to motivate handwashing with soap, particularly among mothers and care-givers of children under 5 years, and school children, has been in place since December 2003. <br />
<br />
There was no data on the number of households with access to handwashing facilities as at 2010. Stakeholders are currently working on sectorwide indicators, including indicators for measuring hygiene. It is hoped that by the end of 2011, a set of harmonized WASH sector indicators will be available and included in the Sector M&E Plan. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>9.2 Handwashing Promotion Activities</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">With active facilitation by the CWSA, a number of handwashing promotion activities were undertaken throughout 2010: <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Publicity: Use of Mass media namely Internet websites, FM Stations, Newspaper Articles and </span><span style="font-size: small;">features. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Orientation: A number of sector stakeholders in sanitation, hygiene and food industry have been trained and oriented on the importance of Handwashing with soap <br />
<br />
Media/Children Encounter: Over 200 school children and teachers had encounter with close to 22 press men from 18 media houses on the Role of the media in promoting handwashing, Children as change agents, importance of Global Handwashing Day and critical times for handwashing <br />
<br />
Procession: 300 children from basic schools in volta Region went through the principal streets of Ho to support the awareness creation efforts of Global Handwashing Day which was launched </span><span style="font-size: small;">in the Volta Region </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Market Splash: Market women were educated on the need to wash hands with soap at Ashiaman and Agbogbloshie Markets. <br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">.<span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Schools Activities</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The schools activities were carried out in Kabore cluster of schools in Ho, Corpus Christi School in Tema and Mobole Distrct Assembly Basic School in Afienya, and Humjibere in Western Region. There were about 10,000 pupils involved. One hundred teachers from the schools were also given orientation. The Glo Germ kit was used to make contamination and ways hands transmit germs visible. The school children were also engaged in discussions on importance of handwashing with soap, critical times and ways of promoting handwashing at schools, homes, communities. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Lorry Station Activity</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">This activity was done in collaboration Global Neighbourhood, where drivers and their mates, regional and local executives of La Ghana Private Road Transport Union were given orientation and also engaged 50 vehicles in a road show. The passengers at the Lorry stations were sensitized about handwashing with soap. Posters and stickers were distributed and pasted on vehicles to create awareness. Handwashing stations were mounted for mass handwashing with soap. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>9.3 Household Water Treatment and Storage (HWTS)</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">According to the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service report, about 8.7% of the population practised appropriate household water treatment methods. Appropriate treatment methods, according to the GDHS, include boiling, straining, filtering and solar disinfection. <br />
<br />
In 2010, a Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) strategy was developed by sector agencies under the leadership of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development/ Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate. The strategy gives direction to how water can be kept safe throughout the water chain of fetching-transportation-storage-usage. The strategy will be piloted in selected districts in central region after which the final strategy will be implemented across the country. It is expected that the implementation of the HWTS strategy will be done in tangent with the two other sector behaviour change focus areas namely Handwashing with soap and safe disposal of human faeces including CLTS. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>9.4 Capacity Development for Hygiene Promotion</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The focus of the hygiene and sanitation promotion is to create awareness for sustained behavioral change to ensure: <br />
<br />
Safe confinement and disposal of excreta and other wastes <br />
<br />
Safe handling and use of water <br />
<br />
Personal, domestic and environmental hygiene <br />
<br />
Regular handwashing with soap particularly at critical times. <br />
<br />
The CWSA, as part of capacity development for hygiene promotion and sanitation in communities, trained a number of committees to support the agenda. Table 10 below provides information on 2010 capacity development activities nationwide for hygiene and sanitation: <br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Table 11: CWSA Capacity Development Training for Hygiene Promotion - 2010</strong></span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 508px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;"> Committee </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Number trained in 2010 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Watsan Committees </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">918 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="22" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Water and Sanitation Development Boards </span></td> <td height="22" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">87 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">Environmental Health Assistants </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">211 </span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">District Water and Sanitation Teams </span></td> <td height="6" valign="TOP" width="50%"> <span style="font-size: small;">107 </span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span></span><br />
<i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: CWSA (2010)</span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">In addition, the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development in collaboration with Ministry of Health and the Ghana Health Service has three basic level training institutions (Schools of Hygiene) at Ho, Tamale and Korle-Bu, where frontline Environmental Health Assistants and Officers (EHAs/EHOs) are trained to promote basic hygiene, enforcement of sanitation regulations and provide sanitation service to the entire populace. About 250 students graduated from the three institutions in 2010. In all we have close to 3,000 EHOs and EHAs dotted in all human settlements in Ghana. Early appointment of the schools of hygiene graduates is still a challenge. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>9.5 Scaling up CLTS in communities</strong> <br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">The most recent survey indicated that 23% of Ghanaians still do open defaecation (GDHS 2008). In 2006, the MICS Report by the Ghana Statistical Service had indicated 20% nationwide with the following regional breakdown: <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_EjUd_zrNwLR_OX360M7tJhMpY89DRoHFMEDyPY7Tpc7W51lieZST903KNQAikFuvkPSlvjxHM5M15Mpq9M7UxrCDmTX0ddX_oIRFp-5ltKd7VR8-eQor2sn5wJP-l2VsjnGzdxB2oRA/s1600/g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL_EjUd_zrNwLR_OX360M7tJhMpY89DRoHFMEDyPY7Tpc7W51lieZST903KNQAikFuvkPSlvjxHM5M15Mpq9M7UxrCDmTX0ddX_oIRFp-5ltKd7VR8-eQor2sn5wJP-l2VsjnGzdxB2oRA/s320/g.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;">The two reports provided evidence of increasing rates of open defecation in Ghana. The Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach to stopping open defecation was therefore formally adopted in 2010 with the ratification of the Environmental Sanitation Policy (Revised 2010). Prior to the adoption, CWSA, UNICEF, Plan Ghana and WaterAid had partnered with the private sector, local NGOs and District Assemblies/EHSUs to pilot the approach in five regions, while Relief International and WASH Ghana had also began preparations for similar interventions. <span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Table 12: Summary of CLTS Communities, ODF Status and HH Latrines</strong> <br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" dir="LTR" style="width: 617px;"><tbody>
<tr><td height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Organisation </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Region </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">CLTS Project Communities </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">No of ODF Communities </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">No of HHL prior to CLTS </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Current No of HHL </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td height="36" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Increase in HHL </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">CWSA </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">Central & Eastern </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">28 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">19 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">78 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">111 </span></span></td> <td height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">33 </span></span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Plan Ghana </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">Central & Eastern </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">15 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">8 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">64 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">112 </span></span></td> <td height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">58 </span></span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">WaterAid/ProNet Wa </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">Upper West </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">7 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">2 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">0 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">64 </span></span></td> <td height="26" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">64 </span></span></td> </tr>
<tr><td height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">UNICEF </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">Northern </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">258 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">40 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">1715 </span></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">2950 </span></span></td> <td height="7" valign="TOP" width="14%"> <span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri,Calibri; font-size: small;">1235 </span></span></td> </tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">Country Total </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">308 </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">69 </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">1857 </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">3247 </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> <td colspan="2" height="7" valign="TOP" width="17%"> <b><span style="font-size: small;">1390 </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Source: EHSD 2010 </span></i><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">As at 31st December 2009, there were 308 CLTS communities out of which 69 had been declared open defecation-free (ODF)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">In response to the adoption of CLTS, the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) and Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate (EHSD) trained 200 Environmental Health Assistants (EHAs) in three regions (Eastern Region 100, Central Region 50, Brong Ahafo Region 50) to support the scaling up process. The training was done by APDO in the Afram Plains. <br />
<br />
The MLGRD had also developed a Rural Sanitation Model and Strategy focusing on four main pillars namely Enabling Environment, Capacity development, Demand for Sanitation Services and Supply of the needed service to support scaling up of sanitation. The strategy has further made the following recommendations for effective nationwide scaling up: <br />
<br />
Generate national consensus on CLTS. <br />
<br />
Strengthen national co-ordination of CLTS. <br />
<br />
Develop National CLTS strategy, action plan and guidelines. <br />
<br />
Roll out training of resource persons (critical mass) at national, regional, and district levels. <br />
<br />
Advocate and communicate the CLTS approach at national, regional and district levels. <br />
<br />
Incorporate CLTS into the DESSAPs with plans and budgets. <br />
<br />
Incorporate CLTS into the curriculum for Schools of Hygiene. <br />
<br />
Develop key CLTS monitoring indicators (training, facilitation, behavioural changes, and ODF status). </span><br />
<div align="LEFT"></div><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Research into suitable low-cost technology options for the various unique conditions. <br />
<br />
Identify and strengthen centres for CLTS knowledge processing, management and dissemination. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>9.6 ODF Community Awards</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">As part of the world toilet day celebration, 20 cleanest Open Defaecation Free (ODF) communities from Northern, Central, Upper West and Eastern Regions were given awards for their efforts in ensuring open defaecation free communities. <br />
<br />
<span>Chapter 10: WASH in Schools </span><span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction </strong></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">The School Health Education Programme (SHEP), of the Ghana Education Service (GES) was incepted after the government of Ghana had become a signatory to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 1992, the Ministries of Education and Health were mandated by the Ghana government‟s directives to institute a School Health System in schools to introduce an integrated health education and health delivery service to complement and supplement academic components of formal education and child survival. It is a joint programme initiated by the Ministry of Education (MoE) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) in 1992. The Ministry of Education (MoE) was assigned the lead role, while the Ministry of Health (MoH) provides technical support. <br />
<br />
SHEP implements its programmes within the Focusing Resources on Effective School Health (FRESH) framework of UNESCO, which encompasses the fundamental principles and best practice of approaches such as "Child Friendly Schools" of UNICEF, "Health Promoting Schools" of the WHO, the "International School Health Initiative" of the World Bank and other organisations. <br />
</span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>10.1 State of WASH in Schools – National</strong> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Out of a total of 11,140 basic schools throughout the country, 5,360, representing 48%, had toilet facilities and 7,075, representing 63.5%, had water facilities attached to them. This means that as at 2009, there were 5,780 basic schools without toilet facilities and 4,065 basic schools without water facilities. Data for 2010 was not available for this report. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_d-S2mD5I8eCsydOET9lf7oXBrj3Iv-D8eJuiv8S8E95-OZipUxrisPaq7j5PQKGmg1rs1T-ycBkY9LHZDk8sT-UK5NvteTUbv9JH0NufVWN2RnzgQUobYHD2hZHrD_xHQLXZ4SGyFx6/s1600/gh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_d-S2mD5I8eCsydOET9lf7oXBrj3Iv-D8eJuiv8S8E95-OZipUxrisPaq7j5PQKGmg1rs1T-ycBkY9LHZDk8sT-UK5NvteTUbv9JH0NufVWN2RnzgQUobYHD2hZHrD_xHQLXZ4SGyFx6/s320/gh.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;">10.2 State of WASH in Schools – Regional Breakdown <br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">Figure 16 below presents the regional breakdown of water and sanitation facilities in schools. </span></span></span></span></span></span></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-48614383564297364812011-11-17T08:30:00.000+00:002011-11-17T08:30:39.505+00:00Former President John Agyekum Kufuor to chair the Sanitation and Water for All partnership<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvcmmfWRCe1xXYorLwdCAI4_vaVl32SvbekKoAfTU8UFeDDCRMp4b6KAsbZpfN_BisA3s3cyZHZLsAFlXzz4gclJVEFbeJ3RKtBYkDgjI5i26BAnFF9vwtqsJr52xn3XeLquMm1r53butP/s1600/kufuor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvcmmfWRCe1xXYorLwdCAI4_vaVl32SvbekKoAfTU8UFeDDCRMp4b6KAsbZpfN_BisA3s3cyZHZLsAFlXzz4gclJVEFbeJ3RKtBYkDgjI5i26BAnFF9vwtqsJr52xn3XeLquMm1r53butP/s320/kufuor.jpg" width="311" /></a></div><div class="yiv622400639MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;">Former President John Agyekum Kufuor to chair the Sanitation and Water for All partnership</span></b></div><div class="yiv622400639MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br />
</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">His Excellency John Agyekum Kufuor, former President of Ghana (2001-2009) and former Chairperson of the African Union (2007–2008), will be the first high-level Chair of the Sanitation and Water for All partnership. Kufuor is a passionate global advocate for leadership, governance and development. He is widely regarded for his African and international statesmanship, and his contributions have been recognized through awards such as the 2011 World Food Prize. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In accepting the position, former President Kufuor said: “The dream of sanitation and water for every person is within reach, but it will take a great deal of political will, adequate resources, and coordinated efforts. I am committed to making this happen, because I am not content to live in a world where 2.6 billion people lack access to a decent toilet and 900 million people do not have clean water to drink.”</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) is an alliance of governments, donors, civil society organizations, development partners and water and sanitation agencies. It is working to increase funding, improve the efficiency of resource use and strengthen the evidence base for the water supply and sanitation sector. The partnership convenes a biennial High Level Meeting to raise political awareness, supports countries in their efforts to develop action-oriented plans and works with UN-WATER and WHO to produce the Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water, (GLAAS) report.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Kufuor will chair the next SWA High Level Meeting at the World Bank in Washington, DC, on 20 April 2012. The meeting will bring together Finance Ministers and Water Ministers from developing countries, along with their counterparts from donor countries and sector experts. It will focus on the significant economic gains that can be made from investing in sanitation and water and the costs of failing to invest. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Former President Kufuor has long been a campaigner for better access to water and sanitation.” said Darren Saywell, SWA Vice-Chair and WASH/CLTS Director at Plan International USA. “His leadership will help bring greater political attention to this neglected development issue”. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Additional information on Sanitation and Water for All, including partners, activities and governance can be found at: <a href="http://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.sanitationandwaterforall.org</a></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-91029264336407774202011-11-13T14:01:00.000+00:002011-11-13T14:01:07.153+00:00Country Status Overview: Ghana's Water and Sanitation Sector<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">http://www.wsp.org/wsp/content/pathways-progress-status-water-and-sanitation-africa</div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-72958918448569969472011-10-08T01:15:00.000+01:002011-10-08T01:15:58.138+01:00Vacancy: National Director: World Vision Ghana :World Vision International - Accra (Ghana)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h2>Vacancy: </h2><h2> National Director: World Vision Ghana :</h2><h2>World Vision International - Accra (Ghana) </h2><h2>Job Description</h2><strong></strong><br />
<strong>PURPOSE OF THE POSITION: <br />
<br />
World Vision,(www.wvi.org) the world's largest international Christian humanitarian aid organization, seeks a <strong>National Director</strong> to lead our <strong>Ghana </strong>office, based in <strong>Accra. </strong>World Vision Ghana currently implements 36 Area Development Programmes (ADPs), including three at the seed stage in all 10 administrative regions in Ghana, four institutional projects for children with special needs and four special projects, which combined directly benefit about two million people through health and nutrition, education, food security, water and sanitation, gender and development, and micro-enterprise development programming</strong><br />
<div class="job-skills content-module rich-text"><h2>Desired Skills & Experience</h2><strong></strong><br />
<strong>SKILLS REQUIRED INCLUDE: </strong><br />
Track record of significant and successful senior management and leadership<strong> </strong>experience, both national and international. <br />
Knowledge and experience in one of the following: international development, emergency relief (domestic or international) and/or advocacy. Must demonstrate familiarity of the other two <br />
Strong networking skills; previous experience building coalitions with bilaterals, multilaterals, government, foundations, churches and the NGO community. <br />
Knowledge of financial management, audit and compliance of multi-million USD budgets. Strong track record with donor agencies. <br />
Masters<strong> </strong>degree or equivalent experience in social sciences, management, international development or related field. MBA preferred. <br />
Fluency in English required <br />
Strong Understanding of Human Rights, particularly Child Rights. <br />
Experience in Microfinance operations and/or non-profit or corporate governance. <br />
Demonstrated understanding of Ghana's historical, political, social-economic and cultural context preferred. <br />
Ability to work and travel extensively in country of assignment as well as internationally (approximately 20-25% of working time). <br />
<br />
Successful candidate must show history of leading and managing large organizations with complex stakeholder environments. Candidate must be mature leader with proven track record in generating results<strong>. </strong>We are seeking committed and skilled professionals who share in our Core Values, Vision Statement and Mission Statement, and in our passion to help others experience life in all its fullness. <br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>Apply at www.wvi.org or send CV to: clark_bowers@wvi.org <br />
Application Deadline Date: <strong>Oct 21, 2011</strong> </strong><br />
<br />
</div><div class="company-description content-module rich-text"><h2>Company Description</h2>World Vision is a Christian relief, development and advocacy organization dedicated to working with children, families and communities to overcome poverty and injustice.<br />
<br />
Inspired by our Christian values, we are dedicated to working with the world’s most vulnerable people.We serve all people regardless of religion, race, ethnicity or gender.<br />
<br />
---------------</div><h2 class="additional-info content-module">Additional Information</h2><div class="additional-info content-module"><br />
<dl><dt>Posted:September 22, 2011</dt>
</dl></div><br />
Type:Full-time <br />
<br />
Experience:Executive <br />
<dl><dt>Function: Other, Management, Project Management </dt>
<dt>Industries:Nonprofit Organization Management </dt>
<dt>Job ID:1997887</dt>
</dl></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-75258019312693280152011-10-07T14:40:00.000+01:002011-10-07T14:40:00.496+01:00STATEMENT PRESENTED BY HON. ALBAN S.K.BAGBIN (MP): AT A WORKSHOP UNDER THE THEME: 'GROWING SUSTAINABLY , LIVING SUSTAINABLY'<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">STATEMENT PRESENTED BY HON. ALBAN S.K. BAGBIN (MP), <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">MINISTER FOR WATER RESOURCES WORKS AND HOUSING <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">AT A WORKSHOP UNDER THE THEME: “GROWING SUSTAINABLY, LIVING SUSTAINABLY”<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">BY THE ASSOCIATION OF GHANA INDUSTRIES IN PARTNERSHIP WITH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>UNILEVER GHANA LIMITED<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">AT THE ALISA HOTEL ON FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2011<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div align="center" style="line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">-------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Chairperson <o:p></o:p></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Hon. Ministers,</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Representatives of Development Partners,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Nii Mei, Naa Mei,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Our friends from the Media,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Distinguished Invited Guests,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Ladies and Gentlemen,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">I thank you all for inviting me to participate in this important Workshop. I must emphasis from the very beginning of this statement that the NDC government sincerely appreciate the sensitivity, passion and commitment of corporate organisations towards priority national issues such as Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and the environment. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">As you can see from today’s programme, there are many more people to speak. I would therefore focus my presentation on a few issues. I will briefly talk about our efforts in shoreline protection, and end with some initiatives we have taken in order to adapt to the impact of climate change.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Ghana, like her sister countries of Togo, Benin and Nigeria has been experiencing severe coastal sea erosion problems at various points along her 580 kilometre coastline. About 66 % of our coastline needs urgent protection and Government is making serious efforts to have a hold on this problem.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">To achieve this, t</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">he following projects are ongoing:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<ol style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Atorkor-Dzita-Anyanui project at a cost of thirty five Million United States Dollars (US$35m).This project involves the construction of 2.7km Armour Rock Revetment Coastal Protection Works. Already 1.1 km stretch is completed and 1.8km Coastal Road Construction is also nearly completed.</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Dixcove coastline work is 70% completed.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sakumono coastal works is scheduled to start before the end of this year</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ada Coastal Protection entailing armour rock groynes and beach nourishment at €67m is also on-going.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The dredging of Lower Volta River <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to desilt and improve on the capacity of the river to contain more water is due to start before the end of the year</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Madam Chairperson, Ladies and Gentlemen, </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">government has committed GH¢ 3.55m to flood control projects across the country this year. We have constructed 1.5km of primary drains and the following investments have as well been made:<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">GH¢1.25m for drains at Sakaman <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">GH¢6.6m on the Nima drains<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">and other drainage/ecological restoration works under consideration include the Prampram, Chemu, Essei and Fosu Ecological Restoration Projects</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">In line with the theme:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Growing Sustainably, Living Sustainably” some initiatives carried out by some of the sector agencies under my ministry in the area of climate change and the need to adapt as a developing country are also worth noting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have made considerable efforts to pilot Climate Change Adaptation initiative towards promoting adaptive and coping strategies for water resources use and management to reduce livelihood vulnerability in the three northern regions, where the impacts are felt most</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. Interventions accomplished in this respect include the development of: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt 26.2pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Climate safe and minimum evaporative community own dug-outs and wells <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt 26.2pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Community nurseries towards tree planting around water storage facilities; Designed appropriate non-traditional water harvesting, climate safe subsurface water storage facilities/reservoirs in order to minimize the impact of flood waters, and <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 6pt 0in 0pt 26.2pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Water </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">conservation, flood risk reduction and Irrigation strategy for Northern Ghana.</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Madam Chairperson, We could not have achieved all I have mentioned without the support of the Development Partners and your Association. I must commend the efforts of our Development Partners for always giving us a shoulder to lean on.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">I would like to end by praising the laudable initiative of the AGI and Unilever Ghana Limited for adding to the government’s effort in taking deliberate and pragmatic action in preventing the complete collapse of the sustainable nature of the environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Thank you.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-68122169840986647602011-10-06T20:00:00.000+01:002011-10-06T20:00:58.882+01:00International Water Center Scholarships<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">IWC Scholarships :http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/iwc-scholarships <br />
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<div class="documentDescription" id="parent-fieldname-description"> The International WaterCentre (IWC) Water Leader Scholarships are now closed for the 2012 intake. If you have applied for the scholarship, you should have received an email notifying the outcome of your application on 9 September 2011. If you haven't received this email, please check your junk mail folder and contact IWC on +61 7 3123 7766 (or email: admin@watercentre.org). </div><div id="content-core"><div id="parent-fieldname-text"><ul><li><strong>IWC Water Leader Scholarships: </strong>now closed (<a href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/iwc-scholarships/#iwc-water-leader-scholarships" title="IWC Water Leader Scholarships - now closed"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">read archived information</span></a>)</li>
</ul><ul><li><strong>IWC Partial Scholarships ($5000):</strong> now available (more information below)</li>
</ul><br />
<h2>IWC Partial Scholarships ($5,000) - now available<a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/attachments/iwc-partial-scholarships-flyer-2011" title="IWC Partial Scholarships Flyer 2011"></a></h2>To support future water leaders, the International WaterCentre (IWC) is offering partial tuition scholarships (AU$5,000) to the first 50 students who enrol in the <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/" title="Master of Integrated Water Management"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">IWC Integrated Water Management programs</span></a> (Masters, Graduate Diploma, Graduate Certificate) for 2012.<br />
These scholarships are available to Australian and international students who do not receive any external full-tuition scholarship or full-tuition funding from other sources.<br />
<h3><br />
</h3><h3>Scholarship value</h3><a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/structure/full-time" title="Full-time study"><strong><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Full-time study:</span></strong></a> AU$5,000 for the whole program, payable per semester towards tuition fees:<br />
<ul><li>Semester 1 (Graduate Certificate) AU$1,550</li>
<li>Semester 2 (Graduate Diploma) AU$1,550</li>
<li>Semester 3 (Masters) AU$1,900</li>
</ul><a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/structure/part-time/part-time" title="Part-time/distance"><strong><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Part-time study:</span></strong></a> AU$5,000 for the whole program payable per semester towards tuition fees (AU$850 per semester).<br />
<br />
Recipients are responsible for paying the remainder of the <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/costs" title="Program costs"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">tuition fees</span></a> each semester and all other associated expenses.<br />
<br />
The scholarship does not cover: travel, accommodation, field work, living costs, medical cover, insurance and other associated costs. These costs will be the responsibility of successful recipients.<br />
<h3><br />
</h3><h3>Number of scholarships</h3>There are 50 partial scholarships available for the 2012 intake (Semester 1, 2012).<br />
<h3><br />
</h3><h3>Scholarship restrictions</h3>Please read complete <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/attachments/iwc-partial-scholarships-terms-and-conditions" title="IWC Partial Scholarships Terms and Conditions"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Terms and Conditions</span></a>:<br />
<ul><li>Available only to cover part of the tuition fees for the <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/programs" title="Master of Integrated Water Management"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">IWC Integrated Water Management programs</span></a> (Masters, Graduate Diploma, Graduate Certificate) in 2012.</li>
<li>Available in the year of offer only</li>
<li>Available only to self-supported students** who have been offered a place in the program and have enrolled in it</li>
<li>The scholarship is paid out equally over the semesters of study. The program must be completed within 3 consecutive semesters of <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/structure/full-time" title="Full-time study"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">full-time </span></a>study or 6 consecutive semesters (3 years) of <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/structure/part-time/part-time" title="Part-time/distance"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">part-time/distance</span></a> study.</li>
<li>This scholarship is not available with any other IWC scholarships.</li>
</ul><div class="discreet">** Self-supported students are students who do not benefit from any other full-tuition funding, scholarship, grant or award, including IWC’s MIWM full scholarships, (government, public or private institutions).</div><h3><br />
</h3><h3>Important dates</h3><ul><li><strong>15 Oct.2011:</strong> Program application deadline for international students (<a class="external-link" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/allforms/pdf/assessment-levels.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">category 3 & 4 countries</span></a>)</li>
<li><strong>15 Nov. 2011:</strong> Program applications deadline for international students (<a class="external-link" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/allforms/pdf/assessment-levels.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">category 1 & 2 countries</span></a>)</li>
<li><strong>18 Feb. 2012: </strong>Program applications deadline for domestic students</li>
<li><strong>December 2011:</strong> Enrolments open</li>
<li><strong>February/March 2012: </strong>Program commences</li>
</ul>We highly encourage students to apply as soon as possible considering you will need to apply for a <a class="external-link" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/students/students/chooser/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">student visa</span></a>, which could take up to 6 months.<br />
<h3><br />
</h3><h3>Apply now</h3>There is no scholarship application form. To receive the scholarship, be one of the first 50 students to apply and enrol in the program.<br />
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<br />
IWC Water Leader Scholarships - now closed<br />
Every year, the <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/about" title="About"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">International WaterCentre</span></a> (IWC) offers scholarships to a small number of excellent candidates who are accepted into the <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs" title="Postgraduate education - Integrated Water Management"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">IWC Master of Integrated Water Management</span></a> (MIWM). These scholarships are awarded to applicants who clearly demonstrate potential to become water leaders of the future.<br />
<br />
<h3>Scholarship value</h3><ul><li><strong>Full-tuition fee</strong> (AU$41,520) for full-time or part-time/distance* study of the Master of Integrated Water Management </li>
<li>Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) for international students</li>
</ul><strong>Note: the scholarships do not include travel, accommodation, field work, or living costs. These costs will be the responsibility of successful recipients.</strong><br />
<div class="discreet">* Part-time/distance study option is available only to Australian/NZ citizens and Australian permanent residents.</div><div class="discreet"> </div><h3>Who can apply </h3>The scholarships are available to eligible <strong>Australian and international applicants</strong> to study the IWC <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/programs" title="Master of Integrated Water Management"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Master of Integrated Water Management (MIWM)</span></a> program which commences in February 2012 (Semester 1).<br />
<div class="discreet">Please note that the scholarship is only available to study the IWC Master of Integrated Water Management. It is not available for the IWC Graduate Diploma/Certificate programs or for any other program offered by The University of Queensland or any other institutions.</div><div class="discreet"><br />
</div><h3>Entry requirements</h3>To apply for the scholarship, you must also apply for the MIWM program and meet the program entry requirements:<br />
<ul><li>A completed undergraduate degree in a related field of study from an internationally-recognised institution.</li>
<li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.uq.edu.au/international/language-requirements" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Demonstrated English language proficiency</span></a> </li>
<li>Two years practical experience in a related field is preferred but not essential. </li>
</ul><h3>Selection criteria</h3>Typically, successful scholarship candidates will possess an excellent academic record and several years of relevant professional experience. The IWC selection panel will use the following selection criteria when assessing scholarship applications:<br />
<ul><li><strong>Academic record:</strong> an excellent academic record and a likelihood of success in further study.</li>
<li><strong>Professional record:</strong> relevant employment experience, achievements, membership of professional bodies and professional references.</li>
<li><strong>Commitment</strong> to the whole-of-water cycle, integrated and interdisciplinary approaches to water management.</li>
<li><strong>Leadership qualities</strong> including collaboration and team work, flexibility, initiative, communication skills, integrity and vision through professional, educational, community and other achievements. <strong><br />
</strong></li>
<li><strong>Potential outcomes: </strong>the likelihood of positive impacts on the individual and the water sector from participating in the MIWM Program.</li>
</ul><br />
<h3>How to apply </h3><h3>Before you apply, please read<a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/scholarships/terms-conditions" title="Water Leader Scholarships - terms and conditions"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;"> IWC Water Leader Scholarships Terms and Conditions</span></a>.</h3><strong>Applications for the Water Leader Scholarships to study the MIWM program in 2012 are now closed.</strong> Please check this page again in May 2012 for the 2013 scholarships. <br />
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<h3>Scholarship selection outcomes</h3>Applications for the Water Leader Scholarships are assessed by a selection panel at the International WaterCentre. <strong>If you have applied for the scholarship this year, you should have received an email notifying the outcome of your application on 9 September 2011. If you haven't received this email, please check your junk mail folder and contact IWC on +61 7 3123 7766 (or email: admin@watercentre.org).</strong><br />
<br />
The selection panel adheres to IWC's policy of non-discrimination for this process. Decisions of the selection panel are final and confidential. IWC will not enter into correspondence regarding outcomes of the selection process.<br />
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<h3>Citizenship/visa status</h3>Successful international applicants must meet visa requirements of the <a class="external-link" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/students/students/chooser/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship</span></a>.<br />
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<h3>Questions regarding scholarships or program content:</h3><ul><li>Please make sure you read our <a class="internal-link" href="http://www.watercentre.org/education/programs/questions" title="Questions"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Frequently Asked Questions</span></a> page before contacting us.</li>
<li>Email: <a class="external-link" href="mailto:admin@watercentre.org"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">admin@watercentre.org</span></a></li>
<li>Phone: +61 7 3123 776</li>
</ul><h3>Questions regarding program admissions:</h3><ul><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.uq.edu.au/study/program.html?acad_prog=5410" target="_blank"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;">Visit The University of Queensland website</span></a></li>
<li>Email:<a class="external-link" href="mailto:study@uq.edu.au"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;"> study@uq.edu.au</span></a> (international students) </li>
<li>Email:<a class="external-link" href="mailto:AdmissionsEnquiries@admin.uq.edu.au"><span style="color: #6d8b8b;"> AdmissionsEnquiries@admin.uq.edu.au</span></a> (domestic students)</li>
</ul></div></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-37028635329121147522011-10-06T13:52:00.000+01:002011-10-06T13:52:40.929+01:00CALL FOR PAPERS:2nd National Environmental Sanitation Conference<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">2<sup>nd</sup> National Environmental Sanitation Conference <o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #92d050; font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(NESCON 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6<sup>th</sup> to 9<sup>th</sup> December 2011<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Venue: Golden Tulip Kumasi City, Kumasi, Ashanti Region<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 33pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CALL FOR PAPERS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">THEME: <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 19pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“Enhancing Public-Private-Partnerships for Effective Environmental Sanitation Services – The Roles of Stakeholders”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Objective<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The aim of NESCON 2011 is to focus on how Ghana can accelerate the coverage of all environmental sanitation services – upscaling country-wide sanitation behavior change communication using Community-led Total Sanitation, hygienic management of excreta and sustainable access to improved sanitation, improving operation and maintenance management of services and treatment facilities, and developing a sustainable programme for promoting household sanitation through micro-finance institutions, Rural Banks, Credit Unions and the ARP Apex Bank as well as showcasing the advances made in the application of the latest technologies for attaining wastes reduction, re-use, recycling and recovery (4Rs). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your paper should therefore<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b>focus on this objective and should follow the prescribed format in these guidelines.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Introduction</i></b><br />
Unlike the maiden NESCON held in 2010 where institutions were specifically invited to present papers on prescribed subjects, the NESCON 2011 requires prospective individuals, groups and institutions to submit papers that relate adequately to the main theme or any of the sub-thematic areas prescribed below for the opportunity to present to participants during the conference. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is to provide enough room for the sharing of as much available knowledge as possible on how to prepare, as a country, to face the challenges of Environmental Sanitation services delivery. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: red;">Papers selected and duly presented will also be published in the post conference journal for a wider readership</span>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">For Sub thematic areas and suggested topics (see pages 3 and 4) but feel free to add on!</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Format<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Font: </b>The prescribed font for all papers is<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Calibri<o:p></o:p></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Number of pages:</b> Total number of pages must strictly be six pages or less, including all pictures or graphs.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Structure of paper<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Title:</b> The title should not be more than two lines (font size 15).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Name(s) of author(s):</b> This must be written in one line, separated by comas and single spaces.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Abstract:</b> Not more than 200 words and summarizes briefly all that the paper is about. It is advisable therefore to write the abstract after the whole paper has been finalized. The reader must have a fair idea about the issues, lessons and conclusions in the paper but ALL IN Maximum 200 WORDS!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Introduction:</b> This part must clearly tell readers the objectives and purpose of the paper.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Main body:</b> This part will discuss all the necessary issues, each paragraph ideally containing and describing a clear new issue or idea.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lessons:</b> This part should outline (in brief and clear language) all the key lessons derived from the discussions in the main body.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">7.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Recommendations and conclusions:</b> This part will provide what the author(s) suggest should be considered as ways forward in confronting the challenges of rapid urbanization on water and sanitation services delivery in Ghana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Acknowledgements:</b> This section will be used to acknowledge any contributions or support from others during the preparation of the paper.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Franklin Gothic Book","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Franklin Gothic Book"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Franklin Gothic Book";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">References:</b> This section will be used to list the sources of all the information or data were used to produce the paper</span><span style="font-family: "Franklin Gothic Book","sans-serif";">.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10.</span><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Contact details</b> of all Authors in the following order: (Name, Organization, Address, Telephone/Fax, Email, Website)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Preparation of abstracts for posters<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Authors wishing to make poster presentations are required to submit a maximum of 250 word abstract, describing briefly the message that the poster seeks to convey.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Submitting your paper/poster abstract<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="WEDC-Bodytext-P1" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Authors should send full papers and/or poster abstracts in Microsoft Word (MS) format along with other supporting jpeg or pdf files by email to <b><a href="mailto:info@nesconghana.com"><span style="color: blue;">info@nesconghana.com</span></a></b> by the submission deadline of [Insert day and Date]</span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="WEDC-Bodytext-P1" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt;"><br />
</div><div class="WEDC-Bodytext-P1" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Where this is not possible these files may be sent on a disk to the Water Directorate by the same date.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For ease of identification, please label your paper with the first-named author’s family name, followed by a hyphen and then the author’s initials (e.g. ARTHUR- JK.doc). <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Suggested sub themes and topics:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b>This is just to provide more ideas on the kind of papers needed. You are however free to add your own topic that adequately links with any of these sub themes.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Important Dates!!</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 19pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Paper and Poster abstract submission deadline<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8th November, 2011</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deadline for Paper Review and feedback processes by Paper Review Committee</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">22nd November, 2011</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deadline for Submission of PowerPoint Presentations </i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(download presentation template from <a href="http://www.nesconghana.com/"><span style="color: blue;">www.nesconghana.com</span></a>)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">29th November, 2011</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">For further information<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Call:</span></i><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><u> Rhoda or Samira on 0302-786072;</u></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Email</span></i></b><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><u><span style="color: blue;">: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="mailto:info@nesconghana.com">info@nesconghana.com</a></b></span></u></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">: </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Visit:</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="http://www.nesconghana.com/"><span style="color: blue;">www.nesconghana.com</span></a></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-align: justify;"> </div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4018972417582161249.post-58963997497255294212011-10-05T15:52:00.000+01:002011-10-05T15:52:16.213+01:00Wanted For Immediate Employment:: Community Water and Sanitation Agency/ Triple-S Ghana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Job Title: <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Senior Research Fellow</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">About The Job:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">CWSA/IRC-Ghana are looking for a dynamic, experienced and motivated individual to fill the position of Research Officer for the Sustainable Services at Scale (Triple-S) Project in Ghana. Triple-S Ghana work is part of IRC Ghana Country programme and is hosted and led by CWSA.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Triple-S is a multi-country action research and learning initiative that seeks to identify, pilot and test new ways of improving the delivery of sustainable rural water services by successfully identifying, understanding and solving the key challenges and bottlenecks that are currently leading to high rates of breakdown and low service delivery. The Initiative is doing this through a rigorous process of learning supported</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> by action research which involves the full range of stakeholders in the rural water sector.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The Senior Research Officer is one of the team members of the multi-disciplinary Ghana country team. He/she reports hierarchically and functionally to the Triple-S Ghana Country Team Leader.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">QUALIFICATIONS, EXPERIENCE AND SKILLS: </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The candidate will ideally possess a PhD degree in a relevant subject. Failing this, they will as a minimum possess an MPhil and demonstrable<span> </span>research experience in addition to thesis work.but are not limited to: Sociology, Engineering, water resources management, environment, geography</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The ideal candidate will show 3 or more years experience of action research, learning, knowledge management and documentation that has led to behavioural and/or policy change in multi-stakeholder processes, preferably with government and non-governmental organisations in the water and sanitation sector, both at national and decentralised levels.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">The Director of Human Resource & Administration</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span> </span>Community Water & Sanitation Agency</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Private Mail Bag</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">K.I.A, Accra.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ANTED FOR IMMEDIATE EMPLOYMENT</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Email soft copies to:</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> triple-s@ircghana.org</span></b><b><span style="color: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SENIOR RESEARCH OFFICER</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Background documentation on the project can be found at: <span style="color: black;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="http://www.waterservicesthatlast.org/">www.waterservicesthatlast.org</a></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">www.irc.nl/page/45530</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">Deadline for Application is Friday, October 7, 2011.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">NB: Only shortlisted applicants will be contacted.</span></div><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></div></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04052258885069608283noreply@blogger.com0